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Table 2 Mean scores for pain, disability, general health and depression from baseline to follow-up and adjusted change scores

From: Rest versus exercise as treatment for patients with low back pain and Modic changes. a randomized controlled clinical trial

Outcome

Group

N

Mean

(± SD)

Adjusted differencea

(95% CI)

P

Pain NRS (0-10)

     

Baseline

Rest

49

5.6 (± 1.5)

  
 

Exercise

51

5.1 (± 2.2)

  

Post-treatment

Rest

45

5.0 (± 1.9)

-0.07 (-0.9 to 0.7)

0.9

 

Exercise

42

4.5 (± 2.1)

  

One-year

Rest

48

4.8 (± 2.3)

-0.3 (-1.3 to 0.6)

0.5

 

Exercise

46

4.3 (± 2.4)

  

Disability RMQ-23

     

Baseline

Rest

49

12.0 (± 4.0)

  
 

Exercise

51

13.3 (± 4.8)

  

Post-treatment

Rest

45

11.0 (± 4.8)

-0.6 (-2.2 to 1.0)

0.5

 

Exercise

42

11.1 (± 5.4)

  

One-year

Rest

47

10.7 (± 5.5)

-1.2 (-3.3 to 1.0)

0.3

 

Exercise

46

10.7 (± 6.1)

  

General health EQ index

     

Baseline

Rest

47

0.7 (± 0.12)

  
 

Exercise

51

0.6 (± 0.17)

  

Post-treatment

Rest

43

0.7 (± 0.12)

0.04 (-0.007 to 0.09)

0.1

 

Exercise

42

0.7 (± 0.13)

  

One-year

Rest

48

0.7 (± 0.21)

0.06 (-0.008 to 0.14)

0.08

 

Exercise

47

0.7 (± 0.13)

  

General health EQ VAS

     

Baseline

Rest

48

54 (± 18)

  
 

Exercise

49

53 (± 20)

  

Post-treatment

Rest

44

56 (± 18)

0.02 (-7.7 to 7.7)

0.9

 

Exercise

41

56 (± 21)

  

One-year

Rest

49

56 (± 21)

5.4 (-2.6 to 13.5)

0.2

 

Exercise

47

60 (± 22)

  

Depression score BDI

     

Baseline

Rest

49

10.7(± 6.1)

  
 

Exercise

51

9.6(± 5.9)

  

Post-treatment

Rest

45

8.6(± 6.1)

0.67 (-0.99 to 2.3)

0.4

 

Exercise

42

7.9(± 5.5)

0.08 (-0.3 to 0.4) b

0.7 b

One-year follow-up

Rest

49

9.5(± 7.1)

-0.92 (-2.8 to 0.97)

0.3

 

Exercise

47

8.0(± 6.1)

-0.17 (-0.6 to 0.22) b

0.4 b

  1. aBetween group differences adjusted for baseline score, age, sex, physical workload and smoking. bResults of analysis with square-root transformation of data. Mean values reported for untransformed data to assist clinical interpretation.BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CI, confidence interval; EQ-5D, EuroQol; NRS, numeric rating scale; RMQ, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation.