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Table 2 Odds ratios for Clostridium difficile infection and previous depression-related conditions in Medicare beneficiaries

From: Depression, antidepressant medications, and risk of Clostridium difficileinfection

Ā 

Unadjusted

Adjusted for age, gender, race

Fully adjusteda

Conditions

OR

95% CI

P value

OR

95% CI

P value

OR

95% CI

P value

Depression

ā€ƒYes

1.45

1.14 to 1.86

0.003

1.41

1.10 to 1.82

0.008

1.36

1.06 to 1.74

0.016

ā€ƒNo

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

Depressive disorders

ā€ƒYes

1.44

1.13 to 1.85

0.004

1.40

1.08 to 1.80

0.011

1.35

1.05 to 1.73

0.021

ā€ƒNo

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

Feeling sad

ā€ƒYes

1.62

1.27 to 2.06

<0.001

1.48

1.16 to 1.90

0.002

1.41

1.10 to 1.81

0.008

ā€ƒNo

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

Emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems

ā€ƒYes

1.45

1.02 to 2.05

0.038

1.55

1.08 to 2.21

0.017

1.47

1.02 to 2.11

0.041

ā€ƒNo

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

Psychiatrist visit

ā€ƒYes

1.42

1.10 to 1.83

0.008

1.35

1.05 to 1.72

0.020

1.26

0.95 to 1.67

0.104

ā€ƒNo

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

Marital status

ā€ƒWidowed

1.84

1.49 to 2.28

<0.001

1.59

1.26 to 2.02

<0.001

1.54

1.21 to 1.95

0.001

ā€ƒDivorced/separated

1.63

1.02 to 2.58

0.040

1.66

1.02 to 2.70

0.043

1.54

0.96 to 2.45

0.072

ā€ƒSingle

1.29

0.63 to 2.65

0.473

1.27

0.61 to 2.63

0.518

1.28

0.62 to 2.66

0.499

ā€ƒMarried

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

Multiple people in household

Ā 

ā€ƒYes

0.67

0.55 to 0.81

<0.001

0.71

0.58 to 0.88

0.002

0.75

0.62 to 0.92

0.007

ā€ƒNo

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 

1.00

(reference)

Ā 
  1. aAdjusted for year of birth (centered), gender, race, ethnicity, BMI, smoking, end-stage renal disease, Crohnā€™s disease, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel disease, number of infection-related visits, total number of medical-related visits, and calendar year of first interview.