From: Genetic heterogeneity in breast cancer: the road to personalized medicine?
Approximate mutation frequency (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gene mutation | Function | Overall | Luminal A | Luminal B | HER2-enriched | Basal-like |
PIK3CA | catalytic subunit of PI3 kinase; key signal transduction enzyme involved in cellular growth, survival and insulin signaling | 25-36 | 40-45 | 29 | 39 | 9 |
TP53 | tumor suppressor; key regulator of cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis | 27-37 | 12 | 29 | 72 | 80 |
GATA3 | transcription factor which regulates luminal epithelial cell differentiation in the mammary gland | 4-11 | 14 | 15 | 2 | 2 |
MAP3K1 | kinase that activates ERK and JNK kinase pathways | 3-8 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 0 |
MLL3 | histone-lysine N-methyltransferase involved in transcriptional co activation | 7 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 5 |
CDH1 | cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein; loss-of-function mutations in E-cadherin are a feature of lobular breast cancer | 7 | 9-10 | 5 | 5 | 0 |