Table 2 Absolute risk of biopsy detected cancer compared to the 25 year-risk of clinical prostate cancer endpoints
From: Empirical estimates of prostate cancer overdiagnosis by age and prostate-specific antigen
PSA (ng/ml) | Clinical diagnosis | Distant metastasis | Cancer-specific mortality | Biopsy detected cancer (PCPT) | Biopsy detected cancer (ERSPC, Rotterdam) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1.0 | 4.5 (2.9, 6.1) | 0.6 (<0.1, 1.2) | 0.2 (<0.1, 0.6) | 12.2 (10.1, 14.6) | - |
0.5 | 3.8 (2.2, 5.4) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) | 0.1 (<0.1, 0.2) | 10.1 (8.2, 11.7) | - |
1.0 | 6.1 (5.0, 7.3) | 1.2 (0.6, 1.7) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.1) | 16.9 (15.8, 18.2) | - |
2.0 | 13.1 (11.2, 14.2) | 4.6 (3.6, 5.1) | 3.8 (2.9, 4.2) | 21.5 (20.2, 23.0) | - |
3.0 | 16.8 (15.3, 20.3) | 6.6 (5.6, 8.4) | 5.5 (4.8, 7.3) | 22.2 (20.5, 23.9) | 15.4 (8.1, 23.6) |
4.0 | 19.6 (17.8, 26.9) | 8.6 (7.3, 12.4) | 7.2 (6.1, 11.3) | 23.2 (20.3, 25.4) | 18.6 (16.3, 20.8) |
5.0 | 21.9 (19.6, 32.9) | 10.3 (8.7, 16.4) | 8.6 (7.1, 15.2) | 23.5 (19.5, 26.5) | 22.1 (20.3, 23.6) |
7.5 | 28.2 (24.0, 49.7) | 14.9 (12.2, 27.2) | 12.4 (10.0, 25.9) | 24.6 (16.8, 30.2) | 29.8 (27.4, 31.6) |
10.0 | 33.6 (27.9, 65.0) | 19.1 (15.4, 37.4) | 15.9 (12.4, 36.0) | 25.6 (13.1, 33.9) | 36.1 (32.9, 39.1) |