Table 3 Relative risk of biopsy detected cancer compared to the 25 year-risk of clinical prostate cancer endpoints
From: Empirical estimates of prostate cancer overdiagnosis by age and prostate-specific antigen
PSA (ng/ml) | PCPT (repeat screening) | ERSPC, Rotterdam (initial PSA test) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical diagnosis | Distant metastasis | Cancer-specific mortality | Clinical diagnosis | Distant metastasis | Cancer-specific mortality | |
<1.0 | 2.7 (1.9, 4.2) | 21.6 (9.6, 69.5) | 64.9 (18.2, 72.9) | - | - | - |
0.5 | 2.7 (1.8, 4.5) | 38.0 (15.2, 192.3) | 153.4 (48.2, 219.7) | - | - | - |
1.0 | 2.8 (2.3, 3.5) | 14.5 (9.7, 27.2) | 28.8 (15.4, 92.1) | - | - | - |
2.0 | 1.6 (1.5, 2.0) | 4.7 (4.2, 6.1) | 5.7 (5.1, 7.5) | - | - | - |
3.0 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 3.4 (2.6, 4.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 4.7) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.4) | 2.3 (1.2, 3.6) | 2.8 (1.4, 4.2) |
4.0 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.3) | 2.7 (1.8, 3.2) | 3.2 (2.0, 3.9) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 2.2 (1.5, 2.6) | 2.6 (1.6, 3.1) |
5.0 | 1.1 (0.7, 1.2) | 2.3 (1.3, 2.8) | 2.7 (1.5, 3.4) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.1) | 2.2 (1.3, 2.6) | 2.6 (1.4, 3.1) |
7.5 | 0.9 (0.4, 1.1) | 1.7 (0.8, 2.1) | 2.0 (0.8, 2.7) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.3) | 2.0 (1.1, 2.4) | 2.4 (1.1, 3.0) |
10.0 | 0.8 (0.3, 1.0) | 1.3 (0.5, 1.8) | 1.6 (0.5, 2.3) | 1.1 (0.5, 1.3) | 1.9 (1.0, 2.4) | 2.3 (1.0, 2.9) |