Invasive bacterial co-infection in African children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a systematic review

Table 4 Comparison of IBI in both malaria and non-malaria paediatric hospital admissions

Author	Malaria	Malaria/IBI	Malaria case fraction with IBI	Non-malarial illness	Non-malarial illness/IBI	Non-malaria case fraction with IBI	Malaria attributable fraction of IBI	Case fatality malaria	Case fatality malaria/IBI
Author	number	number	Malaria case fraction with IBI	number	number	Non-malaria case fraction with IBI	Malaria attributable fraction of IBI	Case fatality malaria	Case fatality malaria/IBI
Akinyemi [44]	60	5	8.33%	NR	NR	-	-
Akpede [40]	446	43	9.64%	196	24	12.24%	-2.60%	9/403 (2.2%)	3/43 (7.0%)
Bahwere [25]	182	45	24.73%	597	79	13.23%	11.49%	NR	NR
Berkley [52]	5,270	157	2.98%	6,516	677	10.39%	-7.41%	110/1,143 (9.6%)	27/83 (32.5%)
Mabey [26]	426	43	10.09%	5,240	103	1.97%	8.13%	NR	NR
Mtove [45]	947	75	7.92%	555	81	14.59%	-6.67%	NR	NR
Nadjm [5]	2,195	100	4.56%	1,444	241	16.69%	-12.13%	76/2,051 (3.7%)	13/100 (13%)
Okwara [20]	158	18	11.39%	106	14	13.21%	-1.82%	NR	NR
Sigauque [69]	10,699	621	3.15%	12,987	929	7.15%	-4.00%	NR	NR
Were [41]	506	59	11.66%	-	-	-	-	2/447 (0.4%)	2/59 (3.4%)
Total	20,889	1,166	5.58% (95% CI 5.34-5.50)	27,641	2,148	7.77% (95% CI 7.72-7.83)	-2.35%^a	197/4,044 (4.9%)	45/285 (15.8%)

^aCalculation of total case fraction excludes data from studies without non-malaria comparator group (that is, Akinyemi(43) and Were(40)). IBI, invasive bacterial infections.

ISSN: 1741-7015