Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants according to energy-adjusted tertiles of total olive oil consumption
From: Olive oil intake and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the PREDIMED Study
Baseline energy-adjusted tertiles of total olive oil consumption | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | 1 (n = 2,405) | 2 (n = 2,406) | 3 (n = 2,405) | P-value |
Age (y) | 67 ± 6 | 67 ± 6 | 67 ± 6 | 0.744 |
Men, % (n) | 45.7 (1,099) | 42.2 (1,016) | 39.8 (956) | <0.001 |
Intervention group, % (n) | 0.476 | |||
MedDiet + EVOO | 33.1 (796) | 34.5 (830) | 35.3 (848) | |
MedDiet + Nuts | 32.6 (785) | 32.9 (792) | 32.6 (783) | |
Control low fat diet | 34.3 (824) | 32.6 (784) | 32.2 (774) | |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 29.9 ± 3.73 | 29.9 ± 3.88 | 30.0 ± 3.93 | 0.427 |
Weight (kg) | 77.0 ± 11.7 | 76.6 ± 12.0 | 76.6 ± 12.1 | 0.422 |
Leisure-time energy expenditure in physical activity (MET minutes/d) | 243.1 ± 265.2 | 228.6 ± 225.5 | 221.3 ± 223.1 | 0.005 |
Smoking status, % (n) | 0.262 | |||
Never | 60.3 (1,450) | 60.9 (1,466) | 63.3 (1,523) | |
Current | 14.4 (347) | 14.2 (341) | 13.1 (316) | |
Former | 25.3 (608) | 24.9 (599) | 23.5 (566) | |
Educational level, % (n) | 0.040 | |||
Illiterate/primary education | 79.3 (1,907) | 77.6 (1,866) | 76.1 (1,831) | |
Secondary education | 14.1 (338) | 14.7 (354) | 16.8 (404) | |
Academic/graduate | 6.7 (160) | 7.7 (186) | 7.1 (170) | |
Prevalence of diabetes, % (n) | 49.9 (1,200) | 47.9 (1,153) | 48.1 (1,156) | 0.312 |
Prevalence of hypertension, % (n) | 83.1 (1,998) | 82.1 (1,976) | 83.0 (1,995) | 0.639 |
Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, % (n) | 73.6 (1,769) | 71.7 (1,726) | 71.4 (1,716) | 0.190 |
Family history of coronary heart disease, % (n) | 22.3 (536) | 22.1 (531) | 22.6 (544) | 0.899 |
Medication use, % (n) | ||||
Oral antidiabetic drugs | 33.6 (808) | 31.4 (756) | 31.6 (759) | 0.195 |
Antihypertensive drugs | 71.9 (1,728) | 72.4 (1,743) | 73.9 (1,777) | 0.264 |
Statins | 40.4 (972) | 40.5 (974) | 39.8 (958) | 0.880 |
Modified MedDiet score (12-point score) | 6.9 ± 1.7 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 2,266 ± 479 | 2,242 ± 668 | 2,199 ± 457 | <0.001 |
Total olive oil (g/d) | 21.4 ± 8.00 | 38.8 ± 11.6 | 56.9 ± 10.8 | <0.001 |
Extra virgin olive oil (g/d) | 9.1 ± 11.2 | 19.5 ± 20.0 | 34.6 ± 27.4 | <0.001 |
Common olive oil (g/d) | 12.1 ± 11.7 | 18.6 ± 18.5 | 21.7 ± 25.9 | <0.001 |
Alcohol (g/d) | 8.51 ± 14.1 | 9.41 ± 15.5 | 7.06 ± 12.2 | <0.001 |
Nuts (g/d) | 11.3 ± 14.8 | 10.2 ± 14.2 | 8.7 ± 11.5 | <0.001 |
Vegetables (g/d) | 346 ± 156 | 328 ± 145 | 327 ± 137 | <0.001 |
Fruit (g/d) | 389 ± 219 | 363 ± 196 | 351 ± 184 | <0.001 |
Red meat (beef, pork, lamb) (g/d) | 79.6 ± 49.1 | 79.1 ± 46.1 | 70.4 ± 41.2 | <0.001 |
White meat (chicken, rabbit, turkey) (g/d) | 46.4 ± 28.2 | 45.9 ± 27.6 | 42.1 ± 27.1 | <0.001 |
Eggs (g/d) | 20.5 ± 10.2 | 20.1 ± 11.5 | 19.3 ± 11.5 | <0.001 |
Fish (g/d) | 95.7 ± 51.9 | 99.8 ± 52.0 | 102 ± 46.9 | <0.001 |
Dairy (g/d) | 407 ± 231 | 375 ± 220 | 357 ± 205 | <0.001 |