Skip to main content

Table 3 Risk of cardiovascular events and mortality according to baseline extra-virgin olive oil intake

From: Olive oil intake and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the PREDIMED Study

 

Energy-adjusted tertiles of extra-virgin olive oil, g/day

  
 

1 (low) (n = 2,405)

2 (n = 2,406)

3 (high) (n = 2,405)

P for trend

Energy-adjusted extra virgin olive oil intake (10 g/d)

Mean extra-virgin olive oil intake

9.1 ± 11.23

19.5 ± 20.0

34.6 ± 27.4

  

Major event

     

Cardiovascular event, % (n)

4.6 (111)

4.2 (101)

2.7 (65)

 

3.8 (277)

Multivariable model 1

1 (Ref.)

1.01 (0.77, 1.33)

0.60 (0.43, 0.82)

< 0.01

0.89 (0.84, 0.95)

Multivariable model 2

1 (Ref.)

1.00 (0.76, 1.32)

0.60 (0.44, 0.84)

< 0.01

0.90 (0.85, 0.95)

Multivariable model 3

1 (Ref.)

0.99 (0.75, 1.31)

0.61 (0.44, 0.85)

< 0.01

0.90 (0.85, 0.95)

Cardiovascular mortality

1 (low) (n = 2,405)

2 (n = 2,406)

3 (high) (n = 2,405)

P for trend

 

Cardiovascular mortality, % (n)

1.3 (32)

1.2 (28)

0.9 (21)

 

1.1 (81)

Multivariable model 1

1 (Ref.)

1.01 (0.60, 1.70)

0.64 (0.36, 1.15)

0.10

0.93 (0.84, 1.03)

Multivariable model 2

1 (Ref.)

0.99 (0.59, 1.67)

0.64 (0.36, 1.15)

0.10

0.93 (0.83, 1.03)

Multivariable model 3

1 (Ref.)

0.97 (0.58, 1.64)

0.65 (0.36, 1.17)

0.13

0.93 (0.84, 1.03)

Cancer mortality

1 (low) (n = 2,405)

2 (n = 2,406)

3 (high) (n = 2,405)

P for trend

 

Cancer mortality, % (n)

2.1 (50)

1.7 (41)

1.6 (39)

 

1.8 (130)

Multivariable model 1

1 (Ref.)

0.90 (0.59, 1.37)

0.87 (0.56, 1.37)

0.61

0.96 (0.88, 1.04)

Multivariable model 2

1 (Ref.)

0.88 (0.58, 1.35)

0.88 (0.56, 1.39)

0.68

0.96 (0.89, 1.05)

Multivariable model 3

1 (Ref.)

0.89 (0.58, 1.35)

0.90 (0.57, 1.41)

0.73

0.97 (0.89, 1.05)

All-cause mortality

1 (low) (n = 2,405)

2 (n = 2,406)

3 (high) (n = 2,405)

P for trend

 

All causes of mortality, % (n)

5.2 (125)

4.2 (100)

4.1 (98)

 

4.5 (323)

Multivariable model 1

1 (Ref.)

0.88 (0.67, 1.15)

0.81 (0.61, 1.07)

0.19

0.95 (0.91, 1.00)

Multivariable model 2

1 (Ref.)

0.84 (0.64, 1.10)

0.80 (0.60, 1.07)

0.20

0.95 (0.90, 1.00)

Multivariable model 3

1 (Ref.)

0.84 (0.64, 1.10)

0.82 (0.61, 1.09)

0.25

0.96 (0.91, 1.01)

  1. Cox regression models were used to assess the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality by baseline energy-adjusted tertiles of extra virgin olive oil (g/day) and as a continuous variable (10 g/d). Results were presented as Hazard Ratios (95% CI). Multivariable model 1 was adjusted for age (years), sex and the intervention group. Model 2 was also adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), smoking status (never, former, current smoker), alcohol intake (continuous, adding a quadratic term), educational level (illiterate/primary education, secondary education, academic/graduate), leisure time physical activity (Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)-minutes/d), prevalence of diabetes (yes/no), prevalence of hypertension (yes/no), prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (yes/no), use of antihypertensive medication (yes/no) and use of statins (yes/no). Model 3 was also adjusted for Mediterranean diet adherence (Modified 12-point Mediterranean Diet score). All models were stratified by recruitment center. Extremes of total energy intake were excluded. A major event was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and death from cardiovascular causes.
Back to article page

BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

Contact us