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Table 14 Larynx and nasal cancer; meta-analysis results

From: Systematic review of the relation between smokeless tobacco and cancer in Europe and North America

    

Heterogeneity

Type of ST (region)a

Adjustments/restrictionsb

Number of estimates (RR/OR ids)c

Random-effects RR/OR (95% CI)

χ2

I2

P(χ2)

Larynx cancer d

      

Any

Overall data

5 (2, 3, 6, 12, 16)

1.43 (1.08–1.89)

4.8

17.4

0.304

 

Smoking-adjusted

2 (3, 16)

1.34 (0.61–2.95)

4.0

75.3

0.044

Any (USA)

Overall data

4 (2, 3, 6, 12)

1.56 (1.21–2.00)

1.7

0.0

0.646

 

Smoking-adjusted

1 (3)

2.01 (1.15–3.51)

--

--

--

Snuff (Scandinavia)

Overall data

1 (16)

0.90 (0.50–1.50)

--

--

--

 

Smoking-adjusted

1 (16)

0.90 (0.50–1.50)

--

--

--

Nasal cancer e

      

Any

Overall data

2 (10, 11)

1.14 (0.73–1.77)

0.9

0.0

0.339

  1. a For each study/sex, the RR/OR for ST from Table 13 was included if available, otherwise that for chewing tobacco or snuff was used.
  2. b Smoking-adjusted includes estimates for smokers and non-smokers combined, adjusted for smoking if available, and estimates for never smokers otherwise.
  3. c The actual estimates included are identified by their RR/OR identification numbers as given in Table 13.
  4. d For larynx cancer there are no data for never smokers.
  5. e For nasal cancer the only data are from US studies and not smoking-adjusted.
  6. CI = confidence interval; ST = smokeless tobacco; OR = odds ratio; RR = relative risk.