The relationship between trust in mass media and the healthcare system and individual health: evidence from the AsiaBarometer Survey

Table 3 Health, Horizontal Trust, and Trust in the Healthcare System and in Mass Media in 29 Asian countries

Country	No.	Health *		Trust
				Horizontal **		Healthcare system ***		Mass media ***
		mean	SD	mean	SD	mean	SD	mean	SD
Afghanistan	874	4.11	0.98	0.25	1.00	1.96	0.81	1.83	0.92
Bangladesh	1008	3.87	1.04	-0.18	0.82	2.05	0.79	2.14	0.86
Bhutan	801	4.38	0.81	0.01	0.97	2.38	0.67	2.09	0.71
Brunei	804	4.62	0.57	0.21	0.94	2.71	0.49	2.20	0.68
Cambodia	812	3.29	1.05	-0.64	0.65	1.86	0.80	1.91	0.75
China	3800	3.71	0.95	0.54	1.02	1.54	0.75	1.48	0.79
Hong Kong	1000	3.57	0.71	0.06	1.06	1.65	0.73	0.95	0.72
India	2060	4.25	0.94	-0.08	0.97	1.84	0.82	2.12	0.84
Indonesia	825	4.35	0.84	0.07	0.90	2.27	0.67	2.06	0.68
Japan	2685	3.66	0.98	-0.01	1.01	1.56	0.67	1.16	0.68
Kazakhstan	800	3.47	1.16	-0.41	0.80	1.72	0.81	1.66	0.80
Kyrgyzstan	800	3.57	1.27	-0.32	0.73	1.66	0.90	1.72	0.83
South Korea	2642	3.55	0.91	0.46	1.02	1.41	0.69	1.33	0.74
Laos	800	3.92	0.98	-0.33	0.86	2.16	0.65	1.82	0.72
Malaysia	1600	4.22	0.75	-0.28	0.92	2.42	0.60	1.78	0.72
Maldives	821	4.34	0.87	0.55	0.97	2.69	0.56	2.67	0.75
Mongolia	800	3.42	1.09	-0.18	0.88	1.84	0.78	1.73	0.76
Myanmar	1600	3.78	1.12	-0.17	0.84	NA		1.94	0.70
Nepal	800	3.81	0.78	-0.24	0.79	1.74	0.70	2.11	0.64
Pakistan	1086	3.51	1.02	0.49	1.01	1.51	0.86	1.63	0.87
the Philippines	800	4.21	0.84	-0.50	0.80	2.17	0.68	2.16	0.70
Singapore	1838	4.06	0.75	0.10	1.02	2.21	0.57	1.74	0.69
Sri Lanka	1613	4.13	0.86	-0.32	0.93	1.92	0.72	1.59	0.84
Taiwan	1006	3.62	0.84	0.09	1.13	1.67	0.72	1.05	0.82
Tajikistan	800	3.85	1.04	-0.07	0.97	1.23	0.91	1.71	0.89
Thailand	1600	3.82	1.07	-0.33	0.89	2.17	0.70	1.80	0.70
Turkmenistan	800	3.07	1.56	0.02	1.31	1.55	1.18	2.02	1.01
Uzbekistan	1600	3.43	1.15	-0.25	0.94	1.32	0.89	1.11	0.92
Vietnam	2607	3.56	0.95	0.11	0.94	2.05	0.75	2.16	0.74
Total	39082	3.81	1.02	0.00	1.00	1.86	0.83	1.72	0.86

* Based on 5-point Likert scale from very dissatisfied with health (1) to very satisfied with health (5).
** Based on 1-factor analysis from the three questionnaires. The greater value indicates the higher trust.
*** Based on 4-point Likert scale from "Don't trust at all" (0) to "Trust a lot" (3). NA = data not available. SD = standard deviation.

ISSN: 1741-7015