Table 1 Oral anti-inflammatory agents for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
From: Recent developments in multiple sclerosis therapeutics
Agent | Proposed mechanisms of action | Stage of development* |
|---|---|---|
Fingolimod (FTY 720) | Binds sphingosine-1-phosphate on T cells preventing circulation and CNS entry | Phase III for RRMS |
Cladribine | Selectively depletes B and T cells by causing DNA damage | Phase III for RRMS and CIS |
Laquinimod | Shifts T cells from TH1 (pro-inflammatory) to TH2 (anti-inflammatory) | Phase III |
Teriflunomide | Shifts T cells from TH1 (pro-inflammatory) to TH2 (anti-inflammatory); Blocks pyrimidine and reproduction of rapidly dividing B and T cells | Phase III for RRMS and CIS |
BG00012 (dimethyl fumarate) | Antioxidant | Phase III |