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Table 3 Data on FEV1 decline selected for main analyses

From: Systematic review of the evidence relating FEV1decline to giving up smoking

  

Stratifying variables

Follow-up (yr)

No. of

adjusted

Beta (SE)d

Study

no.

Reference

Sex

Age rangea

Otherb

 

variablesc

Nevere smokers

Ex-smokersf

Quittersg

Continuing smokersh

1

Bartholomew and Knuiman [12]

M

19-44

-

6

2

36.8 (6.2)

 

14.0 (11.2)

54.7 (7.1)

  

M

45+

-

6

2

45.8 (6.4)

 

51.2 (7.9)

60.5 (6.5)

  

F

19-44

-

6

2

24.3 (6.6)

 

-15.3 (11.3)

13.7 (10.8)

  

F

45+

-

6

2

30.7 (4.7)

 

35.2 (7.4)

46.5 (10.3)

2

Beck et al. [14]

M

25-34

-

6

0

-20.7 (9.5)

0.8 (12.1)

 

-3.0 (9.8)

  

M

35-44

-

6

0

2.5 (15.0)

-14.3 (8.8)

 

19.5 (9.1)

  

M

45+

-

6

0

20.0 (4.9)

31.0 (3.4)

 

25.5 (5.3)

  

F

25-34

-

6

0

-8.5 (6.9)

-32.5 (11.5)

 

15.2 (8.3)

  

F

35-44

-

6

0

18.8 (7.5)

13.5 (12.0)

 

20.8 (8.6)

  

F

45+

-

6

0

10.3 (2.9)

10.7 (5.0)

 

32.0 (5.8)

3

Bossé et al. [16]

M

20-34

-

5

1

23.0 (9.0)

 

24.0 (11.0)

57.0 (8.0)

  

M

35-42

-

5

1

47.0 (7.0)

 

61.0 (12.0)

76.0 (6.0)

  

M

43-80

-

5

1

82.0 (7.0)

 

73.0 (9.0)

101.0 (7.0)

4

Burchfiel et al. [11]

M

45-49

-

6

1

19.5 (2.9)

19.8 (3.1)

21.2 (4.9)

31.3 (2.4)

  

M

50-59

-

6

1

21.6 (1.8)

21.5 (2.0)

28.3 (3.3)

32.4 (1.8)

  

M

60-68

-

6

1

25.0 (3.2)

26.0 (3.4)

35.1 (6.1)

40.1 (3.5)

5

Camilli et al. [21]

M

20-34

-

9.4

0

1.0 (6.1)

-9.0 (15.2)

-22.0 (12.4)

6.0 (7.2)

  

M

35-49

-

9.4

0

9.0 (8.3)

1.0 (9.8)

12.0 (13.5)

18.0 (7.6)

  

M

50-69

-

9.4

0

19.0 (7.1)

24.0 (5.4)

34.0 (10.0)

40.0 (5.8)

  

M

70+

-

9.4

0

25.0 (3.8)

26.0 (3.2)

37.0 (7.7)

26.0 (7.7)

  

F

20-34

-

9.4

0

-5.0 (5.5)

-18.0 (13.2)

-27.0 (14.1)

-4.0 (8.0)

  

F

35-49

-

9.4

0

6.0 (6.5)

4.0 (9.1)

7.0 (17.4)

12.0 (7.4)

  

F

50-69

-

9.4

0

13.0 (3.9)

15.0 (5.8)

17.0 (9.1)

21.0 (5.0)

  

F

70+

-

9.4

0

21.0 (2.1)

20.0 (4.6)

25.0 (7.7)

26.0 (6.1)

6

Chambers et al. [22]

M+F

45-74

-

9

0

43.5 (4.4)

47.3 (6.4)

41.1 (19.3)

52.0 (4.4)

7

Chinn et al. [23]

M

20-44

-

8

0

32.0 (1.1)

31.0 (1.6)

31.0 (2.1)

35.0 (1.4)

  

F

20-44

-

8

0

24.0 (0.7)

27.0 (1.2)

22.0 (1.8)

27.0 (1.1)

9

Comstock et al. [26]

M

40-59

-

5.25

0

  

32.4 (7.1)

78.1 (3.1)

10

Corbin et al. [27]

M+F

29-74i

-

4j

0

-8.6 (15.0)

 

35.0 (16.3)

20.0 (11.4)

12

Ferris et al. [29]

M

25-74

-

6

2

-10.0 (4.9)

-6.7 (4.5)

  
  

F

25-74

-

6

2

-8.3 (2.6)

0.0 (7.2)

  

13

Fletcher et al. [6]

M

30-59

F1

8

4

36.0 (9.0)

34.0 (6.0)

37.0 (11.0)

60.5 (2.2)

  

M

30-59

F2

8

4

45.0 (6.0)

36.0 (5.0)

47.0 (11.0)

47.6 (2.3)

  

M

30-59

F3

8

4

33.0 (3.0)

26.0 (4.0)

26.0 (14.0)

40.4 (2.2)

17

Huhti et al. [76]

M

40-64

-

10

0

33.0 (3.4)

45.0 (3.1)

44.0 (4.0)

51.0 (2.4)

  

F

40-64

-

10

0

27.0 (1.0)

27.0 (4.7)

39.0 (6.9)

35.0 (3.5)

18

Humerfelt et al. [36]

M

22-54

-

23

0

46.6 (1.4)

47.0 (1.3)

51.5 (1.1)

 

19

Katoh et al. [37]

M

39+

-

12

0

30.0 (1.9)

31.7 (1.8)

37.9 (2.1)

39.2 (1.5)

  

F

39+

-

12

0

20.8 (0.5)

21.7 (2.5)

16.7 (5.2)

30.8 (4.2)

20

Kauffmann et al. [39, 40]

M

30-54

-

12

2k

 

40.8 (4.8)

49.4 (4.1)

46.1 (1.6)

21

Krzyzanowski et al. [41]

M

19-70

-

13

2

47.3 (4.1)

50.4 (5.3)

66.5 (4.4)

59.7 (2.6)

  

F

19-70

-

13

2

38.3 (1.9)

30.1 (9.6)

37.3 (6.9)

42.0 (3.6)

22

Lange et al. [42]

M

20-54

-

5

0

21.0 (7.0)

27.0 (7.0)

  
  

M

55+

-

5

0

34.0 (9.0)

36.0 (5.0)

  
  

F

20-54

-

5

0

13.0 (3.0)

18.0 (5.0)

  
  

F

55+

-

5

0

32.0 (3.0)

32.0 (4.0)

  

23

Watson et al. [47]

M

20-54

-

22

0

34.2 (2.2)

33.1 (2.8)

38.8 (3.3)

51.0 (4.0)

25

Olofsson et al. [49]

M

50

-

7

0

54.3 (8.5)

   
  

M

60

-

7

0

57.1 (6.3)

   

26

Omori et al. [50]

M

35-44

-

5

0

32.8 (8.3)

 

38.8 (6.1)

33.7 (4.0)

  

M

45-54

-

5

0

31.9 (2.9)

 

35.3 (2.7)

44.5 (2.1)

  

M

55-64

-

5

0

31.3 (2.9)

 

35.4 (2.7)

38.9 (2.7)

  

M

65-74

-

5

0

33.9 (3.1)

 

30.4 (4.2)

43.1 (4.5)

27

Sandvik et al. [51]

M

40-49

-

7l

0

  

10.3 (6.4)

31.7 (4.3)

  

M

50-59

-

7l

0

  

27.4 (4.8)

45.4 (4.8)

28

Sato et al. [52]

M

15-65m

-

3

0

2.0 (12.4)

18.0 (16.9)

 

36.0 (7.9)

29

Xu et al. [54]

M

25-34

-

6

1

15.2

6.4

-6.2

34.2

  

M

35-44

-

6

1

24.9

23.9

47.4

34.5

  

M

45-54

-

6

1

41.9

39.4

32.2

63.8

  

M

55-64

-

6

1

45.9

43.2

66.7

60.4

  

M

65-78

-

6

1

55.6

52.3

60.2

63.3

  

M

25-74

-

6

2

37.8 (2.0)

34.3 (1.8)

41.2 (5.0)

52.9 (2.0)

  

F

25-34

-

6

1

13.8

13.9

-7.4

22.2

  

F

35-44

-

6

1

25.0

29.8

6.2

34.9

  

F

45-54

-

6

1

30.4

26.0

31.7

40.1

  

F

55-64

-

6

1

34.1

40.6

38.9

48.3

  

F

65-78

-

6

1

39.2

34.9

70.1

38.2

  

F

25-74

-

6

2

29.0 (0.9)

29.6 (1.6)

28.7 (4.3)

38.0 (1.2)

30

Soejima et al. [55]

M+F

35-83n

-

5

0

20.0 (1.7)

30.0 (8.7)

 

60.0 (3.4)

31

Tashkin et al. [56]

M

25-64

-

5

3

56.0 (2.6)

52.0 (3.0)

62.0 (5.1)

70.0 (3.1)

  

F

25-64

-

5

3

42.0 (1.9)

38.0 (2.8)

38.0 (6.6)

54.0 (4.0)

32

Xu et al. [4]

M

25-54

-

24

0

  

6.1 (7.2)

 
  

F

25-54

-

24

0

  

2.7 (6.1)

 
 

Rijcken et al. [5]

M

25-54

H0

24

1

30.8 (9.8)

28.5 (5.0)

 

37.1 (4.5)

  

F

25-54

H0

24

1

24.9 (3.9)

24.7 (7.2)

 

27.3 (5.1)

  

M

25-54

H1

24

1

41.2 (17.0)

33.0 (8.0)

 

40.3 (6.5)

  

F

25-54

H1

24

1

25.3 (6.0)

30.6 (9.6)

 

33.1 (6.4)

34

Vollmer et al. [60]

M+F

25-54

B1

9

0

38.0 (52.1)

 

89.0 (19.7)

67.0 (26.1)

  

M+F

25-54

B0

9

0

43.0 (30.1)

 

43.0 (11.4)

45.0 (15.0)

35

Vollmer et al. [60]

M+F

34-83

B1

11

0

49.0 (18.5)

 

70.0 (17.3)

70.0 (11.9)

  

M+F

34-83

B0

11

0

37.0 (10.7)

 

56.0 (10.0)

60.0 (6.9)

36

Wilhelmsen et al. [61]

M

50

-

4

0

  

40.0 (16.8)

73.2 (7.1)

37

Annesi et al. [63]

M

22-55

I1

5

0

31.7 (5.9)

  

51.7 (5.8)

  

M

22-55

I2

5

0

59.7 (9.8)

  

32.7 (8.8)

38

Demedts [64]

M

41-63o

-

10

0

 

72.5 (37.5)

88.8 (21.4)

98.4 (10.8)

39

Grol et al. [65]

M+F

21-33

-

11

0

19.7 (8.0)

 

-26.4 (23.6)

23.4 (11.5)

41

Hughes et al. [67]

M

44-69

-

8

0

 

16.4 (8.8)

  

42

Postma et al. [68]

M+F

30-66

-

11

0

  

49.0 (7.0)

85.0 (5.1)

43

Kanner et al. [70]p

M+F

35-60

D1

5

0

 

13.1 (1.8)

 

55.9 (1.0)

  

M+F

35-60

D2

5

0

 

27.6 (5.7)

 

58.5 (3.0)

  

M+F

35-60

D3

5

0

 

24.0 (7.8)

 

63.4 (3.0)

  

M+F

35-60

D4

5

0

 

20.3 (8.7)

 

66.4 (3.7)

  

M+F

35-60

D5

5

0

 

12.0 (11.9)

 

69.4 (4.7)

44

Soriano et al. [72]q

M

40+

-

1.5

1

 

16.0 (2.7)

 

21.3 (2.0)

  

F

40+

-

1.5

1

 

11.3 (4.3)

 

16.7 (2.0)

45

Townsend [73]p

M

35-57

-

7

0

39.5

40.0

40.0 (4.7)

62.3 (2.8)

46

Xie et al. [75]p

M+F

15+

-

8

5

39.5 (3.3)

  

37.3 (2.2)

47

Kohansal et al. [62]

M

13-71

-

23

0

19.6 (1.3)

  

38.2 (2.2)

  

F

13-71

-

23

0

17.6 (1.9)

  

23.9 (1.6)

  1. aExcept where noted, age range applies to results for each smoking group. bOther stratifying variables are indicated as follows: F1, F2, F3 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) at baseline <55, 55-64, 65+ cL/m3 H0, H1 = histamine responsiveness (no or yes); B0, B1 = bronchodilator responsiveness (no or yes); I1, I2 = immunoglobulin E level ≤100, 100+ IU/mL; D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 = doctor visits for lower respiratory illnesses 0-0.24, 0.25-0.49, 0.50-0.99, 1.00-1.49, or 1.50+ per year. cNumber of adjustment variables. The variables considered by study are 1: age, change in body mass index; 3: baseline FEV1; 4: height; 12: height; 13: age, height, season, and observer; 29: age (only for age group 25-74), height; 31: age, height, area; 32: height; 46: sex, age, height, region, family history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). dBeta = Decline in FEV1 (in mL/yr) over follow-up period. Results are not postbronchodilator measurements, except for study 44. For studies 9, 22 and 38, smoking is of cigarettes only. For studies 2, 3, 12, 23, 26, 29, 31 and 43, smoking is of cigarettes regardless of other products. For study 13, current smoking is of cigarettes regardless of other products, but giving up smoking is of any product. For other studies, smoking relates to any tobacco product. eNever smoked by end of follow-up. fGave up smoking before baseline and did not resume smoking. gSmoked at baseline, but not at end of follow-up. hSmoked at baseline and at end of follow-up. iAge range varies by smoking group: Never smokers 30-65, quitters 30-74 and continuing smokers 29-60. jFollow-up period is 3.5 years for never smokers. kOnly results for quitters and continuing smokers were adjusted. lFollow-up period is 7.6 years for quitters and 7.1 years for continuing smokers. mAge range varies by smoking group: Never smokers 15-60, ex-smokers 26-64 and continuing smokers 21-61. nAge range varies by smoking group: Never smokers 32-80, ex-smokers 29-91, continuing smokers 38-78. oAge range varies by smoking group: Never smokers 44-51, ex-smokers 42-63 and continuing smokers 41-53. pResults are based on all groups combined in the intervention study. qResults are based only on usual care group and are postbronchodilator measurements.
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