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Table 3 Goals to improve gradually closed-loop performance

From: Closed-loop insulin delivery for treatment of type 1 diabetes

Factor

Desirable improvements

Insulin delivery

Faster absorption

Glucose sensing

Increased accuracy and reliability; reduced false-positive hypoglycemia alarms

Insulin modulation

Adaptive algorithms

Dual-hormone systems

Dual-chamber pumps

Communication between glucose sensor and insulin pump

More reliable connectivity; standardized communication protocol

Human factors

Reduced size of devices; enhanced ease of use; sensing and delivery from a single body port