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Table 2 Comparison of the initial and final values of the variables under study in the two groups

From: Regular consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (Doogh) improved endothelial biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Group

PYD

FYD

  

Variable

Before

After

P i

Before

After

P i

P ii

P iii

Weight

78.1 ± 13.0

78.8 ± 13.2

0.058

77.6 ± 13.1

77.0 ± 12.8

0.003

0.83

0.49

Waist (cm)

101.34 ± 9.1

102.5 ± 9.2

0.035

98.25 ± 9.2

97.5 ± 8.8

0.013

0.090

0.007

BMI (kg/m 2 )

30.0 ± 4.2

30.2 ± 4.3

0.079

28.6 ± 4.0

28.4 ± 4.0

0.005

0.09

0.03

Fat mass (%)

38.6 ± 9.6

39.8 ± 9.5

0.019

36.2 ± 8.8

34.7 ± 9.4

0.22

0.22

0.01

SBP (mm Hg)

128.2 ± 16.6

125.7 ± 6.9

0.22

125.7 ± 14.4

118.5 ± 21.0

0.007

0.42

0.056

DBP (mm Hg)

77.8 ± 10.8

77.0 ± 9.3

0.62

78.5 ± 10.3

73.4 ± 8.5

0.002

0.42

0.02

FSG (mmol/L)

9.6 ± 2.6

10.0 ± 3.2

0.32

10.5 ± 3.1

9.0 ± 2.8

0.001

0.13

0.10

Insulin(pmol/L)

177.8 ± 80.6

204.2 ± 90.3

0.01

141.0 ± 113.2

111.0 ± 82.0

0.002

0.06

0.001

HbA1c (%)

8.9 ± 1.6

8.5 ± 1.6

0.087

8.7 ± 1.8

7.8 ± 1.3

0.001

0.10

0.015

QUICKI

0.28 ± 0.02

0.27 ± 0.02

0.041

0.29 ± 0.02

0.30 ± 0.02

0.001

0.03

0.001

TG (mmol/L)

10.1 ± 4.8

10.1 ± 5.2

0.98

10.3 ± 5.3

8.6 ± 4.5

0.01

0.86

0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

2.5 ± 0.5

2.4 ± 0.5

0.52

2.6 ± .46

2.8 ± .42

0.043

0.15

0.001

TC (mmol/L)

10.1 ± 2.7

10.0 ± 3.0

0.68

10.3 ± 3.1

9.2 ± 1.8

0.001

0.68

0.10

LDL-C (mmol/L)

6.15 ± 1.8

6.1 ± 1.8

0.52

5.5 ± 1.7

5.0 ± 1.3

0.003

0.12

0.001

25(OH)D (nmol/L)

38.0 ± 22.8

33.4 ± 22.8

0.28

38.5 ± 20.2

72.0 ± 23.5

0.001

0.90

0.001

iPTH (ng/L)

55.0 ± 22.5

59.1 ± 18.2

0.28

52.5 ± 24.1

40.1 ± 15.6

0.001

0.12

0.001

ACR (mg/mmol)

41.8 ± 106.2

44.1 ± 158.2

0.88

36.2 ± 99.4

31.6 ± 68.9

0.61

0.74

0.40

Endothelin (μg/L)

0.80 ± 0.40

0.88 ± 0.41

0.67

0.9 5 ± 0.38

0.75 ± 0.64

0.001

0.50

0.06

E-selectin (μg/L)

16.1 ± 6.5

17.1 ± 6.9

0.42

18.1 ± 7.1

14.4 ± 5.7

0.001

0.14

0.035

MMP-9 (μg/L)

9.2 ± 5.3

9.6 ± 4.7

0.66

10.6 ± 4.2

8.3 ± 3.7

0.001

0.15

0.12

  1. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or percentage unless stated otherwise.
  2. P i: within group difference; P ii: between-group at the baseline; P iii: between group after the intervention
  3. FYD: vitamin D-fortified doogh; PYD: plain doogh