Table 1 Existing literature evidence related to pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain.

"Pelvic arthropathy"

8 [69, 71, 100, 111, 158–161]

Gen Med, 2 [159, 161]

Obstetr, 5 [69, 71, 100, 111, 160]

Physioth, 1 [158]

<1985, 6 [69, 100, 158–161]

1985-1995, 1 [71]

1996-2005, 1 [111]

>2005, 0

ESP, 1 [160]

GER, 1 [100]

RSA, 1 [161]

UK, 5 [69, 71, 111, 158, 159]

"Osteitis pubis"

9

[1, 3, 24, 99, 109, 162–165]

Gen Med, 2 [164, 165]

Gen Surg, 1 [1]

Orthop, 1 [109]

Radiology, 1 [24]

Rheumat, 2 [99, 163]

Urology, 2 [3, 162]

<1985, 5 [1, 3, 162–164]

1985-1995, 2 [99, 165]

1996-2005, 1 [109]

>2005, 1 [24]

BRA, 1 [163]

FRA, 2 [1, 3]

POL, 1 [164]

TUR, 1 [24]

UK, 1 [109]

USA, 3 [99, 162, 165]

"Pelvic insufficiency"

6

[65, 66, 166–169]

Gen Med, 2 [66, 168]

Obstetr, 3 [65, 166, 167]

Rheumat, 1 [169]

<1985, 4 [65, 66, 166, 167]

1985-1995, 2 [168, 169]

1996-2005, 0

>2005, 0

DEN, 2 [168, 169]

NED, 1 [66]

SWE, 3 [65, 166, 167]

"Pelvic relaxation pain"

23

[2, 61–63, 73, 75, 80, 84, 106, 170–183]

Gen Med, 9 [62, 63, 75, 170, 175, 178, 180, 181, 183]

Obstetr, 12 [2, 61, 73, 80, 84, 106, 172–174, 176, 177, 182]

Orthop, 1 [171]

Rheumat, 1 [179]

<1985, 9 [2, 170–177]

1985-1995, 8 [62, 63, 75, 178–181, 183]

1996-2005, 6 [61, 73, 80, 84, 106, 182] >2005, 0

AUS, 1 [84]

CZE, 1 [174]

DEN, 5 [61, 73, 80, 106, 171]

ESP, 1 [170]

NOR, 7 [62, 63, 178–181, 183]

NZ, 1 [175]

TUR, 1 [182]

UK, 1 [75]

USA, 5 [2, 172, 173, 176, 177]

"Pelvic instability"

19

[15, 16, 64, 93, 154, 155, 184–196]

Gen Med, 4 [154, 186, 193, 195]

Nursing, 5 [184, 185, 187–189]

Obstetr, 6 [64, 93, 190–192, 196]

Orthop, 3 [15, 16, 155]

Psych, 1 [194]

<1985, 7 [155, 184–189]

1985-1995, 7 [64, 93, 154, 190–193]

1996-2005, 2 [194, 196]

>2005, 3 [15, 16, 195]

AUS, 1 [195]

DEN, 7 [155, 184–189]

NED, 3 [64, 93, 194]

NOR, 4 [190–193]

SWE, 1 [196]

UK, 1 [16]

USA, 2 [15, 154]

"Pelvic girdle pain" or "Pelvic pain"

61

[5, 9–14, 22, 34, 39, 40, 46–48, 50, 51, 53, 77, 81, 83, 86, 88, 91, 92, 110, 127, 133, 134, 197–218, 17, 26, 37, 38, 41, 49, 107, 219–222]

Anesth, 1 [92]

Gen Med, 12 [14, 38, 49, 197, 198, 201, 202, 205, 212–214, 219]

Obstetr, 21 [5, 10, 11, 17, 22, 26, 37, 39, 41, 47, 88, 91, 107, 204, 207, 208, 210, 211, 215, 217, 220]

Orthop, 2 [206, 218]

Physioth, 7 [9, 12, 46, 48, 81, 134, 199]

Radiology, 1 [222]

Spine, 17 [13, 34, 40, 50, 51, 53, 77, 83, 86, 110, 127, 133, 200, 203, 209, 216, 221]

<1985, 1 [204]

1985-1995, 1 [205]

1996-2005, 29 [77, 83, 86, 88, 91, 107, 110, 133, 134, 197–200, 206–221]

>2005, 30 [5, 9–14, 17, 22, 26, 34, 37–41, 46–51, 53, 81, 92, 127, 201–203, 222]

AUS, 3 [38, 81, 199]

CAN, 1 [37]

CHN, 1 [53]

DEN, 8 [5, 86, 88, 107, 209, 212, 213, 219]

FRA, 1 [91]

IND, 1 [214]

IRAN, 1 [34]

MEX, 1 [204]

NED, 15 [40, 41, 47–50, 77, 83, 110, 134, 198, 216–218, 221]

NOR, 7 [14, 22, 39, 46, 51, 133, 200]

RSA, 1 [207]

SWE, 11 [10–13, 17, 26, 127, 201, 210, 211, 220]

UK, 4 [92, 197, 202, 208]

USA, 6 [9, 203, 205, 206, 215, 222]

"Posterior pelvic pain"

19

[6, 23, 52, 58, 87, 89, 95, 96, 101–104, 123, 223–228]

Gen Med, 2 [226, 227]

Nursing, 1 [6]

Obstetr, 4 [23, 52, 225, 228]

Spine, 12 [58, 87, 89, 95, 96, 101–104, 123, 223, 224]

<1985, 0

1985-1995, 5 [96, 104, 225–227]

1996-2005, 11 [58, 87, 89, 95, 101–103, 123, 223, 224, 228]

>2005, 3 [6, 23, 52]

AUS, 1 [103]

JAP, 1 [6]

NED, 7 [101, 102, 223, 224, 226–228]

SWE, 6 [58, 87, 89, 95, 96, 104]

UK, 1 [23]

USA, 3 [52, 123, 225]

"Low back pain"

38

[28–32, 44, 59, 68, 70, 78, 79, 97, 115, 125, 126, 128–132, 138, 142, 144–148, 156, 157, 229–237]

Anesth, 1 [232]

Gen Med, 8 [29, 32, 59, 125, 128, 132, 146, 233]

Obstetr, 15 [28, 68, 70, 126, 129–131, 145, 147, 156, 230, 231, 234, 236, 237]

Physioth, 1 [44]

Radiology, 2 [115, 148]

Rheumat, 3 [138, 144, 229]

Spine, 8 [30, 31, 78, 79, 97, 142, 157, 235]

<1985, 2 [70, 144]

1985-1995, 3 [78, 145, 146]

1996-2005, 20 [59, 68, 97, 115, 126, 128–131, 138, 142, 147, 148, 156, 157, 229–233]

>2005, 13 [28–32, 44, 79, 125, 132, 234–237]

AUS, 2 [145, 236]

CAN, 2 [115, 125]

FIN, 1 [138]

GER, 1 [148]

HK, 1 [156]

NED, 3 [142, 234, 237]

NOR, 4 [70, 129, 157, 229]

SWE, 15 [28–32, 59, 68, 79, 97, 126, 130–132, 231, 232]

TAI, 1 [128]

TUR, 2 [230, 235]

UK, 2 [144, 233]

USA, 4 [44, 78, 146, 147]

"Lumbopelvic pain"

7

[19, 33, 35, 36, 43, 238, 239]

Biomech, 1 [43]

Obstetr, 2 [33, 36]

Physioth, 4 [19, 35, 238, 239]

<1985, 0

1985-1995, 0

1996-2005, 0

>2005, 7 [19, 33, 35, 36, 43, 238, 239]

CAN, 1 [239]

NOR, 2 [33, 238]

SWE, 3 [19, 36, 43]

USA, 1 [35]

"Symphysis pubis dysfunction" or "SPD"

9

[25, 76, 85, 94, 105, 137, 153, 240, 241]

Anesth, 1 [137]

Nursing, 3 [85, 105, 240]

Obstetr, 4 [25, 76, 153, 241] Physioth, 1 [94]

<1985, 0

1985-1995, 0

1996-2005, 6 [85, 105, 137, 153, 240, 241]

>2005, 3 [25, 76, 94]

NZ, 1 [94]

UK, 8 [25, 76, 85, 105, 137, 153, 240, 241]

"Pregnancy related pelvic girdle pain" or "PPGP"

10

[4, 7, 18, 20, 21, 27, 60, 82, 242, 243]

Gen Med, 2 [7, 242]

Obstetr, 2 [82, 243]

Orthop, 1 [27]

Spine, 5 [4, 18, 20, 21, 60]

<1985, 0

1985-1995, 0

1996-2005, 1 [60]

>2005, 9 [4, 7, 18, 20, 21, 27, 82, 242, 243]

DEN, 2 [7, 243]

NED, 5 [4, 27, 60, 82, 242]

SWE, 3 [18, 20, 21]

Total, n (%)

209

Anesth, 3 (1.4%)

Biomech, 1 (0.5%)

Gen Med, 43 (20.6%)

Gen Surg, 1 (0.5%)

Nursing, 9 (4.3%)

Obstetr, 74 (35.4%)

Orthop, 8 (3.8%)

Physioth, 14 (6.7%)

Psych, 1 (0.5%)

Radiology, 4 (1.9%)

Rheumat, 7 (3.3%)

Spine, 42 (20.1%)

Urology, 2 (1.0%)

<1985, 34 (16.3%)

1985-1995, 29 (13.9%)

1996-2005, 77 (36.8%)

>2005, 69 (33.0%)

AUS, 8 (3.8%)

BRA, 1 (0.5%)

CAN, 4 (1.9%)

CHN, 1 (0.5%)

CZE, 1 (0.5%)

DEN, 24 (11.5%)

ESP, 2 (1.0%)

FIN, 1 (0.5%)

FRA, 3 (1.4%)

GER, 2 (1.0%)

HK, 1 (0.5%)

IND, 1 (0.5%)

IRAN, 1 (0.5%), JAP, 1 (0.5%) MEX, 1 (0.5%) NED, 34 (16.3%) NOR, 24 (11.5%) NZ, 2 (1.0%) POL, 1 (0.5%) RSA, 2 (1.0%) SWE, 42 (20.1%) THA, 1 (0.5%) TUR, 4 (1.9%) UK, 23 (11.0%) USA, 24 (11.5%)