Table 2 Sensitivity analysis to identify sources of heterogeneity in the association between DM and TB
From: The impact of diabetes on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A systematic review
TB Outcome | Variables | Study Characteristics (No. of studies) | Summary effect estimates | 95% CI | I2 | 95% CI I2 | P Value Heterogeneity | P Value Meta- regression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sputum culture conversion at 2-3 months | Background TB incidence | ≥ 100,000 (2) | 0.87 | 0.50-1.51 | 0% | NA | 0.77 | 0.53 |
|  |  | ≥ 10,000 and < 100,000 (6) | 2.22 | 1.85-2.66 | 0% | 0%-75% | 0.70 |  |
| Â | Â | < 10,000 (1) | 0.98 | 0.54-1.77 | NA | NA | NA | Â |
| Â | Type of TB | Pulmonary (7) | 1.91 | 1.41-2.59 | 52% | 0%-79% | 0.05 | 0.18 |
| Â | Â | Pulmonary and extrapulmonary (2) | 1.08 | 0.67-1.76 | 0% | NA | 0.56 | Â |
| Â | DM diagnosis | Patient or medical report (6) | 2.22 | 1.85-2.66 | 0% | 0%-75% | 0.71 | < 0.01 |
| Â | Â | Laboratory test (3) | 0.92 | 0.62-1.38 | 0% | 0%-90% | 0.92 | Â |
| Â | Loss to follow-up | < 10% (1) | 1.33 | 0.58-3.04 | NA | NA | NA | 0.84 |
|  |  | ≥ 10% (2) | 1.75 | 0.51-5.95 | 84% | NA | 0.01 |  |
Failure and Death | Background TB incidence | ≥ 100,000 (3) | 2.11 | 1.26-3.53 | 20% | 0%-92% | 0.29 | 0.63 |
|  |  | ≥ 10,000 and < 100,000 (6) | 1.49 | 1.23-1.80 | 0% | 0%-75% | 0.51 |  |
| Â | Â | < 10,000 (3) | 1.80 | 0.63-5.13 | 55% | 0%-87% | 0.11 | Â |
| Â | Type of TB | Pulmonary (7) | 1.62 | 1.26-2.07 | 26% | 0%-68% | 0.23 | 0.49 |
| Â | Â | Pulmonary and extrapulmonary (5) | 2.08 | 1.27-3.42 | 6% | 0%-80% | 0.38 | Â |
| Â | DM diagnosis | Patient or medical report (8) | 1.51 | 1.25-1.82 | 0% | 0%-68% | 0.49 | 0.10 |
| Â | Â | Laboratory diagnosis (4) | 1.97 | 1.12-3.46 | 42% | 0%-80% | 0.16 | Â |
| Â | Loss to follow-up | < 10% (4) | 1.72 | 1.25-2.37 | 52% | 0%-84% | 0.10 | 0.98 |
|  |  | ≥ 10% (8) | 1.77 | 1.21-2.59 | 3% | 0%-69% | 0.41 |  |
Death | Background TB incidence | ≥ 100,000 (3) | 2.63 | 0.86-8.02 | 62% | 0%-89% | 0.07 | 0.98 |
|  |  | ≥ 10,000 and < 100,000 (13) | 1.62 | 1.33-1.97 | 8% | 0%-60% | 0.37 |  |
| Â | Â | < 10,000 (7) | 1.95 | 1.12-3.40 | 74% | 45%-88% | < 0.01 | Â |
| Â | Type of TB | Pulmonary (11) | 1.97 | 1.46-2.65 | 52% | 5%-76% | 0.02 | 0.59 |
| Â | Â | Pulmonary and extrapulmonary (12) | 1.84 | 1.28-2.64 | 41% | 0%-70% | 0.07 | Â |
| Â | DM diagnosis | Patient or medical report (18) | 1.82 | 1.42-2.32 | 50% | 15%-71% | < 0.01 | 0.33 |
| Â | Â | Laboratory diagnosis (5) | 2.37 | 1.49-3.78 | 1% | 0%-79% | 0.40 | Â |
| Â | Loss to follow-up | < 10% (9) | 1.43 | 1.19-1.72 | 16% | 0%-58% | 0.30 | 0.12 |
|  |  | ≥ 10% (7) | 2.22 | 1.24-3.98 | 21% | 0%-64% | 0.27 |  |
| Â | Survival analysis | Survival analysis (1) | 4.8 | 2.0-11.6 | NA | NA | NA | 0.18 |
| Â | Â | Alternative analysis (22) | 1.81 | 1.45-2.26 | 42% | 4%-65% | 0.02 | Â |