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Figure 4 | BMC Medicine

Figure 4

From: The association between dietary factors and gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Figure 4

Difference in unadjusted calcium intake (mg/day) between cases (gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia) and non-cases (reference) reported in case-control and cohort studies. For each study, the center of each square indicates the weighted mean difference (WMD) and the horizontal line indicates the 95% confidence interval; the area of the square is proportional to the weight that the individual study contributes to the overall pooled mean difference; the diamonds are pooled mean differences (for each outcome and overall). (a) Case-control studies. Meta-analysis of 3 studies from 3 articles with data from 757 pregnant women, including 113 gestational hypertension, 201 pre-eclampsia, and 46 gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia cases. (b) Cohort studies. Meta-analysis of 11 studies from 7 articles with data from 41,214 pregnant women and 908 gestational hypertension, 2,231 pre-eclampsia and 13 gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia cases. (a) Mild pre-eclampsia; (b) severe pre-eclampsia (for definition, see Additional file 1: Table S3).

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