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Table 1 Randomised controlled trials that assessed the treatment of vascular risk factors in patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

From: Treatment of vascular risk factors in patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

Vascular risk factors

First author, reference

Population

Diagnosis criteria

Treatment arm (n, drug/daily)

Control arm (n)

Duration of follow-up (months)

Measurement instrument

Vascular care package

Richard et al. 2009[9]

123 AD (with co-existent cerebrovascular disease)

NINCDS-ADRDA

58 vascular care (aspirin, advice on smoking cessation, weight loss and exercise)

65 placebo

24

IDDD, MMSE, RMBPC, measures of poor outcome

Hypertension

Ohrui et al. 2004[10]]

162 AD

NINCDS-ADRDA

51 brain-penetrating ACE-I

53 non-brain penetrating inhibitor versus 58 calcium-channel blocker

12

MMSE

Kume et al. 2012[11]]

20 AD

NINCDS-ADRDA, DSM IV

10 telmisartan (40 to 80 mg)

10 amlodipine (5 to 10 mg)

6

MMSE, ADAS-JCog, WMS-R

Diabetes mellitus

Watson et al. 2005[20]]

21 mild AD

NINCDS-ADRDA

14 rosiglitazone (4 mg)

7 placebo

4, 6

Buschke Selective Reminding Test, Story Recall, SCWI, TMT, category fluency

Hanyu et al. 2009[21]]

26 AD

NINCDS-ADRDA

12 pioglitazone (15, 30 mg)

14 placebo

6

MMSE, IDDD, RMBPC

Sato et al. 2011[22]]

42 mild AD

NINCDS-ADRDA

21 pioglitazone (15 to 30 mg)

21 placebo

6

MMSE, ADAS-JCog, WMS-R, FAB

Risner et al. 2006[23]]

511 mild-to moderate probable AD

NINCDS-ADRDA

389 rosiglitazone (2, 4 or 8 mg)

122 placebo

6

ADAS-Cog, CIBIC+

Gold et al. 2010[24]]

581 AD

NINCDS-ADRDA

331 rosiglitazone (2 or 8 mg)

166 placebo

6

ADAS-Cog, CIBIC+

Hypercholesterolaemia

Sparks et al. 2005[30]]

67 AD

NINCDS-ADRDA

32 atorvastatin (80 mg)

31 placebo

12

MMSE, ADAS-Cog, CGIC

Simons et al. 2002[31]]

44 probable AD

NINCDS-ADRDA

24 simvastatin (80 mg)

20 placebo

6.5

MMSE, ADAS-Cog

Feldman et al. 2010[33]]

640 AD

NINCDS-ADRDA

297 atorvastatin (80 mg)

317 placebo

18

MMSE, ADAS-Cog, ADCS-CGIC NPI, CDR-SB, ADFACS

  1. ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ADAS-Cog, Assessment Scale - Cognitive; ADAS-JCog, Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (Japanese version); ADCS-CGIC, Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study Clinical Global Impression of Change; ADFACS, Alzheimer’s Disease Functional Assessment and Change Scale; CDR-SB, Clinical Dementia Rating - Sum of Boxes; CIBIC+, Clinician’s Interview-Based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; IDDD, Interview for Deterioration in Daily activities in Dementia; MMSE, Mini Mental Score Examination; RMBPC, Revised Memory and Behavioural Problems Checklist (Additional file 1); SCWI, Stroop Color-Word Interference; TMT, Trail-Making Test; WMS-R, Wechsler Memory Scale Revised.
  2. The NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria: National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association.