Table 2 Infant outcomes by treatment group

GA at birth, weeks^b

39.29 ± 1.74

39.23 ± 2.07

0.06 (-0.10 to 0.23)

0.44

0.07 (-0.10 to 0.23)

0.42

Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes

22 (2.07)

22 (2.09)

0.99 (0.55 to 1.78)

0.98

0.99 (0.55 to 1.77)

0.97

Resuscitation required at birth

196 (18.23)

191 (17.89)

1.02 (0.85 to 1.22)

0.84

1.01 (0.85 to 1.21)

0.88

Birth weight, g^b

3481 ± 554

3492 ± 613

-11.55 (-61.13 to 38.03)

0.65

-6.90 (-55.47 to 41.67)

0.78

Birth weight Z-score^b

0.37 ± 1.03

0.43 ± 1.09

-0.06 (-0.15 to 0.03)

0.18

-0.05 (-0.14 to 0.03)

0.23

Birth length, cm^b

49.84 ± 2.42

49.92 ± 2.84

-0.08 (-0.31 to 0.14)

0.48

-0.08 (-0.30 to 0.15)

0.51

Birth length Z-score^b

-0.26 ± 0.76

-0.18 ± 0.80

-0.07 (-0.14 to -0.01)

0.03

-0.07 (-0.14 to -0.01)

0.04

Birth head circumference, cm^b

34.77 ± 1.60

34.77 ± 1.90

0.00 (-0.15 to 0.15)

0.96

0.01 (-0.14 to 0.16)

0.92

Birth head circumference Z-score^b

0.21 ± 1.03

0.26 ± 1.09

-0.05 (-0.14 to 0.04)

0.31

-0.05 (-0.14 to 0.04)

0.32

Birth weight ≥4.5 kg

23 (2.15)

39 (3.69)

0.58 (0.35, 0.97)

0.04

0.59 (0.36, 0.98)

0 ± 04

Birth weight ≤2.5 kg

43 (4.03)

56 (5.29)

0.76 (0.51 to 1.13)

0.18

0.74 (0.50 to 1.09)

0.13

Ponderal index, kg/m^3b

27.95 ± 2.85

27.82 ± 2.91

0.12 (-0.12 to 0.37)

0.33

0.12 (-0.12 to 0.36)

0.34

Predicted fat free mass, kg^b

3.07 ± 0.38

3.08 ± 0.42

-0.01 (-0.04 to 0.02)

0.59

-0.01 (-0.04 to 0.03)

0.73

Admission to NICU ≥4 days

12 (1.12)

23 (2.18)

0.52 (0.26 to 1.03)

0.06

0.51 (0.26 to 1.02)

0.06

Admission to SCBU

388 (36.12)

382 (35.77)

1.01 (0.90 to 1.13)

0.87

1.00 (0.90 to 1.12)

1.00

Respiratory distress syndrome

13 (1.22)

27 (2.57)

0.47 (0.25 to 0.91)

0.03

0.47 (0.24 to 0.90)

0.02

Respiratory support

65 (6.09)

77 (7.20)

0.84 (0.61 to 1.16)

0.30

0.84 (0.61 to 1.15)

0.27

Moderate/severe respiratory disease

1 (0.09)

15 (1.42)

N/A

<0.001^d

N/A

N/A

Discharged home on oxygen

1 (0.09)

3 (0.28)

N/A

0.37^d

N/A

N/A

Patent ductus arteriosus

2 (0.19)

5 (0.47)

N/A

0.29^d

N/A

N/A

Proven systemic infection

0 (0.00)

2 (0.19)

N/A

0.25^d

N/A

N/A

Retinopathy of prematurity

1 (0.09)

4 (0.38)

N/A

0.22^d

N/A

N/A

Necrotising enterocolitis

3 (0.28)

1 (0.09)

N/A

0.62^d

N/A

N/A

Neonatal encephalopathy

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Neonatal seizures

1 (0.09)

3 (0.28)

N/A

0.37^d

N/A

N/A

Postnatal length of stay infant, days^e

3.94 ± 7.26

4.41 ± 9.87

0.89 (0.82 to 0.97)

0.007

0.89 (0.82 to 0.97)

0.006