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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants by Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) score, the EPIC cohort (1992 to 2010)

From: Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on colorectal cancer: a large European cohort study

Characteristics

Healthy lifestyle index points

 
 

0

1

2

3

4

5

Participants, number (%)

2,783 (0.8)

20,865 (6.0)

66,110 (19.0)

113,171 (32.6)

106,518 (30.7)

37,790 (10.9)

Colon cancer, number of cases

28

188

526

816

602

209

Rectal cancer, number of cases

12

121

326

459

348

124

Colorectal cancer, number of cases

40

309

852

1275

950

333

Socio-demographic characteristics:

      

Age, mean, SD

52.7

52.1

52.2

51.9

51.5

50.8

Men,%

58.5

51.0

42.9

34.5

28.3

29.6

University degree,%

21.4

22.8

22.9

23.6

24.1

25.5

Lifestyle factors:

      

BMI, kg/m2median

28.1

27.4

26.7

25.6

24.5

23.5

Waist circumference, cm, median

      

Men

101.0

100.0

98.0

95.0

90.5

87.3

Women

89.0

85.0

83.0

80.0

77.0

73.6

METs recreational and household activity

44.8

54.1

66.5

81.3

98.8

122.8

Never or former smokers,%

-

2.0

13.4

33.1

37.0

14.3

Alcohol consumption, grams/day, median

      

Men

46.0

37.2

25.5

13.8

9.5

7.5

Women

24.2

18.1

11.0

4.5

2.3

1.9

Dietary factors, grams/day, median

      

Fibre

17.1

18.3

19.6

21.4

24.0

26.3

Fruits

88.4

113.2

146.6

195.1

256.6

287.1

Vegetables

107.3

120.4

136.3

165.6

216.4

245.7

Yoghurt

4.1

8.9

16.2

24.5

40.1

53.6

Nuts

0.66

0.69

0.82

0.82

1.60

2.33

Garlic

6.9

6.8

6.6

7.7

12.6

16.0

Red and processed meat

128.0

119.0

109.5

98.9

85.5

72.7

Fish

17.5

17.5

17.9

19.7

22.8

24.0

  1. BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in squared meters); EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; METs, metabolic equivalents of energy expenditure (MET)-hours per week per year; SD, standard deviation.