Table 5 Population attributable risks (PARs) according to individual lifestyle factors and combined Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) a , the EPIC Cohort (1992 to 2010)
From: Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on colorectal cancer: a large European cohort study
Colon cancer | Rectal cancer | Colorectal cancer | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases, numberb | %PAR (95% CI) | Cases, numberb | %PAR (95% CI) | Cases, numberb | %PAR (95% CI) | |
All participants | ||||||
Individual lifestyle factors c : | ||||||
Overweight and obesity | 1,231 | 10 (6 to 13) | 671 | 3 (-1 to 7) | 1,902 | 8 (5 to 11) |
Physical activity | 1,144 | 6 (2 to 10) | 648 | NA | 1,792 | 3 (0 to 6) |
Smoking | 550 | 2 (-3 to 4) | 378 | 4 (1 to 7) | 928 | 4 (1 to 6) |
Alcohol consumption | 695 | 2 (-1 to 4) | 462 | 6 (2 to 9) | 1,157 | 4 (1 to 6) |
Diet quality | 1,084 | 5 (2 to 8) | 629 | 5 (-2 to 9) | 1,713 | 5 (2 to 7) |
HLI <5 d | 2,160 | 17 (6 to 26) | 1,266 | 13 (-4 to 27) | 3,426 | 16 (7 to 24) |
Men | ||||||
Individual lifestyle factors c : | ||||||
Overweight and obesity | 602 | 15 (8 to 21) | 393 | 5 (-2 to 11) | 995 | 10 (5 to 14) |
Physical activity | 515 | 4 (-2 to 9) | 360 | 5 (-7 to 15) | 875 | 3 (-1 to 6) |
Smoking | 289 | 1 (-2 to 4) | 223 | 3 (-2 to 8) | 512 | 4 (-3 to 11) |
Alcohol consumption | 377 | 5 (1 to 9) | 287 | 12 (5 to 18) | 664 | 7 (3 to 10) |
Diet quality | 451 | 4 (-1 to 9) | 342 | 12 (3 to 20) | 793 | 6 (1 to 10) |
HLI <5 d | 946 | 13 (-8 to 28) | 686 | 36 (13 to 53) | 1,632 | 22 (7 to 34) |
Women | ||||||
Individual lifestyle factors c : | ||||||
Overweight and obesity | 629 | 7 (2 to 11) | 278 | 2 (-5 to 8) | 907 | 5 (1 to 9) |
Physical activity | 629 | 7 (1 to 12) | 288 | NA | 917 | 2 (-2 to 6) |
Smoking | 261 | 11 (-27 to 37) | 155 | 2 (-2 to 6) | 416 | 1 (-1 to 2) |
Alcohol consumption | 318 | NA | 175 | 2 (-2 to 6) | 493 | 1 (-3 to 4) |
Diet quality | 633 | 6 (1 to10) | 287 | NA | 920 | 2 (0 to 4) |
HLI <5 d | 1,214 | 20 (6 to 32) | 580 | NA | 1,794 | 11 (1 to 21) |