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Table 1 Characteristics of studies selected for analysis

From: Is chronic inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 cardioprotective and safe? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Study

Design

Condition

Treatment

Dose and time

Number of patients (PP)

Mean age (SD) or age range

Aldashev AA, Thorax , 2005 [[26]]

R, DB, PC

HAPH

S

25 mg x 3/die

9S versus 8P

61 (8)

100 mg x 3/die 12 weeks

5S versus 8P

Amin A, Congest Heart Fail , 2013 [[38]]

R, DB, PC

HFrEF

S

25 mg x 2/die - >2 weeks

53S versus 51P

S: 51.29 (14.80)

Then

50 mg x 3/die - >10 weeks

P: 50.61 (4.18)

Andersen MJ, Circulation , 2013 [[10]]

R, DB, PC

Diastolic Dysfunction after MI

S

40 mg x 3/die 9 weeks

34S versus 33P

S: 63 (8)

P: 62 (7)

Badesch, J Rheumatol , 2007 [[27]]

R, DB, PC

PAH-CTD

S

20 mg x 3/die

21 S

S: 52 (15)

40 mg x 3/die

20 S

50 (15)

80 mg x 3/die

19 S

54 (14)

12 weeks

22 P

P: 56 (14)

Behling A, J Cardiac Fail , 2008 [[23]]

R, DB, PC

CHF

S

50 mg x 3/die

11S versus 8P

S: 45 (12)

4 weeks

P: 53 (11)

Bharani A, Indian Heart J , 2007 [[28]]

R, DB, PC

PAH due to congenital left to right shunt

T

20 mg x 3

8 T - P

28 (9.38)

CO (wo:2 wks)

4 weeks

Bocchio M, Atherosclerosis , 2008 [[33]]

R, DB, PC

ED VRF

T

20 mg every other day

18 T versus 18P

T: 52.05 (8.98)

12 weeks

P: 49.61 (12.68)

Galiè N, NEJM , 2005 [[2]]

R, DB, PC

PAH

S

20 mg x 3/die

65 S

S: 47 (14)

40 mg x 3/die

63 S

51 (15)

80 mg x 3/die

65 S

48 (18)

12 weeks

65 P

P: 49 (17)

Giannetta E, Circulation , 2012 [[11]]

R, DB, PC

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

S

25 + 25+ 50 mg/die

29S versus 25P

S: 60.7 (7.6)

3 months

P: 60.2 (8.3)

Goldberg DJ, Circulation , 2011 [[36]]

R, DB, PC

CHD after Fontan Operation

S

20 mg x 3/die

27 S - P

14.9 (5.1)

CO (wo:6 wks)

6 weeks

Goldberg, DJ Pediatr Cardiol , 2012 [[37]]

R, DB, PC

CHD after Fontan Operation

S

20 mg x 3/die

27 S - P

14.9 (5.1)

CO (wo:6 wks)

6 weeks

Groeneweg G, BMC Muscoloskeletan disorders , 2008 [[20]]

R, DB, PC

CRPS

T

10 mg/die - >4 weeks

12 T versus12P

T: 39.8 (13.1)

Then

P: 36.5 (10.6)

20 mg/die - >8 weeks

Guazzi M, J Am Coll Cardiol , 2007 [[24]]

R, DB, PC

CHF

S

50 mg x 3/die

23S versus 23P

S: 62 (3)

6 months

P: 63 (4)

Guazzi M, Circulation , 2011 [[25]]

R, DB, PC

HFpEF with PAH

S

50 mg x 3/die

22S versus 22P

53-79

12 months

Guazzi M, Circ Heart Fail, 2011 [[12]]

R, DB, PC

Systolic HF

S

50 mg x 3/die

23S versus 22P

S: 60 (4)

12 months

P: 61 (4)

Guazzi M, Europ J Heart Failure, 2012 [[39]]

R, DB, PC

EOB in HF

S

50 mg x 3/die

16S versus 16P

S: 66 (8)

12 months

P: 68 (6)

Jing, Z.C, Am J Resp Crit Care Med , 2011 [[30]]

R, DB, PC

PAH

V

5 mg/die - >4 weeks

43 V versus 16P

S: 32 (12)

then

5 mg x 2/die - >8 weeks

P: 29 (8)

Lewis GD, Circulation , 2007 [[13]]

R, DB, PC

Systolic HF and secondary PAH

S

25 to 75 mg x 3/die

17S versus 17P

S: 54 (4)

12 weeks

P: 62 (3)

Lewis GD, Circ Heart Fail, 2008 [[31]]

R, DB, PC

Systolic HF and secondary PAH

S

25 to 75 mg x 3/die

15S versus 15P

S: 54 (4)

12 weeks

P: 62 (3)

Rosano G MC, European Urology , 2005 [[34]]

R, DB, PC

ED VRF

T

20 mg every other day

16 T versus 16P

65.4 (6.3)

4 weeks

Redfield MM, JAMA, 2013 [[14]]

R, DB, PC

HFpEF

S

20 mg x 3/die - >12 weeks

49S versus 47Pa

62-77

then 60 mg x 3/die ->

45S versus 58Pb

12 weeks

95S versus 94Pc

Sastry BKS, JACC, 2004 [[32]]

R, DB, PC

PAH

S

25 to 100 mg x 3/die

20 S - P

16-55

CO (wo:0)

6 weeks

Suntharalingam J, Chest, 2008 [[40]]

R, DB, PC

CTEPH

S

40 mg x 3/die

8S versus 10P

S: 49.9 (13.1)

12 weeks

P: 60 (14.4)

Van AH, J Sex Med , 2005 [[35]]

R, DB, PC

ED

V

5 to 20 mg/die

175 V versus 175P

V:22-76

12 weeks

P: 22-78

  1. apatients for left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and end-diastolic volume index (EDVi); bpatients for systolic blood pressure (SBP); cpatients for N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). CHD: congenital heart disease; CHF: chronic heart failure; CO: crossover; CRPS: cold complex regional pain syndrome; CTEPH: chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; DB: double-blind; ED VRF: erectile dysfunction vascular risk factors; EOB: exercise oscillatory breathing; HAPH: high altitude pulmonary hypertension; HF: heart failure; HFpEF: heart failure preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF: heart failure reduced ejection fraction; MI: myocardial infarction; P: placebo; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; PAH-CTD: pulmonary arterial hypertension-connective tissue diseases; PC: placebo-controlled; PP: per protocol analysis; R: randomized; S: sildenafil; T: tadalafil; V: vardenafil; wks: weeks; wo: washout.