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Table 2 Changes in patient distress due to breathlessness (primary outcome), mastery of breathlessness, anxiety and depression, by trial arm

From: Is a specialist breathlessness service more effective and cost-effective for patients with advanced cancer and their carers than standard care? Findings of a mixed-method randomised controlled trial

Trial arms and outcomes

t1aMean (SD)

t3 Mean (SD)

t5 Mean (SD)

Difference in mean t3 adjusted for baseline (I minus C)

With 95% confidence interval

P-value

Control arm (waiting-list)

Baseline

Completed control

Completed intervention

   

Intervention arm (fast-track)

Baseline

Completed intervention

Post-intervention

Primary outcome: NRS distress due to breathlessness (0 to 10) b

Control arm (waiting-list)

4.65 (2.99)

4.42 (3.01)

2.58 (1.82)

-1.29

(-2.57, -0.005)

P = 0.049

Intervention arm (fast-track)

5.11 (2.78)

3.43 (2.95)

3.65 (3.07)

Key secondary outcomes:

CRQ c Mastery (1 to 7)

Control arm (waiting-list)

4.71 (1.27)

4.72 (1.21)

4.72 (1.12)

0.20

(-0.35, 0.76)

P = 0.47

Intervention arm (fast-track)

4.53 (1.13)

4.81 (1.29)

4.72 (1.18)

HADS b anxiety (0 to 21)

Control arm (waiting-list)

7.88 (3.41)

7.85 (3.59)

7.61 (3.96)

0.017

(-1.52, 1.56)

P = 0.98

Intervention arm (fast-track)

7.00 (4.08)

7.07 (5.05)

6.77 (3.52)

HADS b depression (0 to 21)

Control arm (waiting-list)

5.88 (2.94)

6.23 (2.89)

6.13 (2.80)

-0.30

(-1.79, 1.20)

P = 0.69

Intervention arm (fast-track)

6.38 (2.17)

6.22 (3.36)

6.27 (3.12)

No. of respondents

52-54

53-54

45-47

  1. aFor those with a t3 score; bhigh score is worse; chigh score is better. CRQ, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score; NRS, numerical rating scale; SD, standard deviation.