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Table 3 Clinical predictors of transfusion in children with admission Hb ≥5 g/dL

From: Anaemia and blood transfusion in African children presenting to hospital with severe febrile illness

  

Univariable analyses 1

Multivariable analyses (n = 1,962)

Variable

Number in univariate model

HR (95% CI)

P value 2

HR (95% CI)

P value 2

Updated (most recent) haemoglobin (per 1 g/dL increase)

 

–

–

0.46 (0.41–0.52)

<0.001

Haemoglobin at admission (per 1 g/dL increase)

 

–

–

0.84 (0.74–0.95)

0.005

Severe pallor

2,076

3.21 (2.47–4.19)

<0.001

3.18 (2.42–4.19)

<0.001

Jaundice (clinical)

2,079

1.57 (1.30–1.89)

<0.001

1.27 (0.97–1.68)

0.08

Haemoglobinuria

2,078

1.69 (1.28–2.21)

<0.001

–

–

P. falciparum malaria

2,072

1.42 (1.13–1.80)

0.003

–

–

Weak pulse volume

2,080

1.37 (1.10–1.70)

0.005

–

–

Severe tachycardia

2,079

0.88 (0.71–1.10)

0.26

0.80 (0.63–1.00)

0.054

Capillary refill time ≥3 s

2,079

1.58 (1.27–1.97)

<0.001

1.59 (1.24–2.03)

0.001

Temperature gradient

2,080

1.30 (1.07–1.58)

0.007

–

–

Respiratory distress

2,072

1.23 (0.96–1.58)

0.09

–

–

Indrawing

2,080

1.24 (1.02–1.51)

0.04

1.30 (1.01–1.69)

0.04

Deep breathing

2,080

1.24 (1.07–1.44)

0.005

–

–

Dehydration

2,078

1.27 (0.93–1.74)

0.14

1.33 (0.95–1.85)

0.09

Lactate at admission (per 1 mmol/L increase)

1,970

1.09 (1.07–1.17)

<0.001

1.08 (1.05–1.10)

<0.001

Oxygen saturation (per 1% increase)

2,047

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.91

–

–

Consciousness level

2,078

 

0.22

–

–

Alert

 

1 (ref)

 

–

–

Prostration

 

1.26 (0.97–1.65)

0.09

–

–

Coma

 

1.22 (0.88–1.68)

0.24

–

–

Site

2,080

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

Mbale, Uganda

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

Kilifi, Kenya

 

0.44 (0.27–0.71)

0.001

0.38 (0.21–0.68)

0.001

Mulago, Uganda

 

0.91 (0.71–1.16)

0.44

0.98 (0.70–1.40)

0.93

Soroti, Uganda

 

1.18 (0.91–1.54)

0.21

1.39 (1.00–1.96)

0.05

Lacor, Uganda

 

0.63 (0.44–0.88)

0.008

0.71 (0.46–1.11)

0.13

Teule, Tanzania

 

1.35 (0.90–2.05)

0.15

1.56 (0.96–2.54)

0.08

  1. 1All models adjusted for baseline haemoglobin, most recent haemoglobin, and randomisation arm.
  2. 2P value for Likelihood ratio test overall or Wald test for categories.
  3. Bacteraemia was not included in the model as only 1,071 children had a blood culture.