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Table 3 Association between dietary patterns and risk of frailty during a 3.5-year follow-up of older adults

From: Major dietary patterns and risk of frailty in older adults: a prospective cohort study

 

Prudent pattern

Westernized pattern

 
 

Tertile 1

Tertile 2

Tertile 3

 

Tertile 1

Tertile 2

Tertile 3

 
  

Odds ratio

Odds ratio

P- trend

 

Odds ratio

Odds ratio

P -trend

  

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

  

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

 

Main analysis

        

  Number of frailty events

48

27

21

 

24

35

37

 

  Model 1

Ref.

0.69 (0.41–1.17)

0.59 (0.33–1.04)

0.05

Ref.

1.53 (0.87–2.72)

1.61 (0.91–2.84)

0.11

  Model 2

Ref.

0.64 (0.37–1.12)

0.40 (0.20–0.81)*

0.009

Ref.

1.53 (0.85–2.75)

1.61 (0.85–3.03)

0.14

Sensitivity analyses

        

   Excluding weight loss from the definition of frailty

        

  Number of frailty events

102

78

62

 

71

81

90

 

  Model 1

Ref.

0.80 (0.57–1.13)

0.72 (0.50–1.03)

0.07

Ref.

1.23 (0.86–1.76)

1.43 (1.00–2.03)*

0.04

  Model 2

Ref.

0.83 (0.58–1.18)

0.67 (0.44–1.02)

0.06

Ref.

1.27 (0.88–1.83)

1.53 (1.03–2.26)*

0.03

   Excluding 58 individuals with eating difficulty

        

  Number of frailty events

40

23

13

 

20

31

31

 

  Model 1

Ref.

0.70 (0.40–1.23)

0.63 (0.34–1.15)

0.11

Ref.

1.69 (0.92–3.13)

1.61 (0.87–2.98)

0.14

  Model 2

Ref.

0.64 (0.35–1.18)

0.40 (0.19–0.84)*

0.01

Ref.

1.64 (0.87–3.11)

1.45 (0.73–2.90)

0.28

   Excluding 543 individuals with diagnosed severe diseases

        

  Number of frailty events

29

12

10

 

14

19

18

 

  Model 1

Ref.

0.54 (0.26–1.13)

0.48 (0.22–1.05)

0.05

Ref.

1.30 (0.61–2.76)

1.34 (0.62–2.87)

0.46

  Model 2a

Ref.

0.52 (0.24–1.16)

0.34 (0.13–0.89)*

0.02

Ref.

1.23 (0.57–2.67)

1.44 (0.63–3.29)

0.38

   Excluding 182 individuals with limitation in IADLb

        

  Number of frailty events

32

17

10

 

15

22

22

 

  Model 1

Ref.

0.55 (0.29–1.03)

0.40 (0.19–0.85)*

0.01

Ref.

1.56 (0.78–3.10)

1.39 (0.69–2.80)

0.37

  Model 2

Ref.

0.49 (0.25–0.98)*

0.26 (0.11–0.63)**

0.002

Ref.

1.70 (0.84–3.44)

1.36 (0.63–2.94)

0.40

  1. CI, Confidence interval; IADL, Instrumental activities of daily living; *P <0.05, **P <0.01.
  2. Model 1: Adjusted for number of frailty components at baseline (0, 1, 2), sex, age, educational level (≤primary, secondary, university), and occupation (social class I, II, III, IV).
  3. Model 2: Adjusted additionally for tobacco (never smoker, former smoker, current smoker), body mass index (kg/m2), energy intake (kcal/d), cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, asthma or chronic bronchitis, osteomuscular disease, depression requiring treatment, number of drug treatments, and score on the Mini-Mental State Examination.
  4. aAs model 2 above but without adjustment for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, asthma or chronic bronchitis, and depression requiring treatment; bAnother 28 individuals had missing data on IADL; n = 1,872.