Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Main study | All children | Children without inflammation 1 |
|---|---|---|
n | 372 | 336 |
Age, years | 9.2 (1.9) | 9.2 (1.9) |
Sex, girls:boys | 199:173 (54%:46%) | 180:146 (54%:46%) |
Serum retinol concentration by HPLC, μmol/L | 0.87 (0.19) | 0.88 (0.18) |
Vitamin A deficiency1 | 68 [18%] | 49 [15%] |
Serum RBP concentration, μmol/L | 0.67 (0.17) | 0.68 (0.17) |
Serum transthyretin concentration, μmol/L | 3.0 (0.62) | 3.0 (0.60) |
RBP:transthyretin molar ratio | 0.23 (0.04) | 0.23 (0.04) |
Serum C-reactive protein concentration >5 mg/L | 17 [5%] | 0 [0%] |
Serum α1-acid glycoprotein concentration >1 g/L | 33 [9%] | 0 [0%] |
Inflammation 2 | 36 [10%] | 0 [0%] |
Haemoglobin concentration, g/L | 130 (11) | 129 (12) |
Serum ferritin concentration, μg/L (median, IQR) | 19.8 (12.8, 30.2) | 19.2 (12.0, 29.5) |
BMI for age z-score | −1.29 (0.91) | −1.29 (0.89) |
Sub-study | ||
n | 105 | 94 |
Age, years | 8.9 (1.9) | 8.9 (1.9) |
Sex, girls:boys, | 64:41 (61:39) | 58:36 (62:38) |
Serum retinol concentration by HPLC, μmol/L | 0.87 (0.18) | 0.88 (0.17) |
Serum retinol concentration by fluorescence, μmol/L | 0.79 (0.30) | 0.79 (0.30) |
Serum C-reactive protein concentration >5 mg/L | 4 [4%] | 0 [0%] |
Serum α1-acid glycoprotein concentration >1 g/L | 10 [10%] | 0 [0%] |
Inflammation2 | 11 [11%] | 0 [0%] |
Haemoglobin concentration, g/L | 130 (10) | 130 (10) |
Serum ferritin concentration, μg/L (median, IQR) | 18.9 (11.4, 29.4) | 18.2 (11.2, 27.7) |
BMI for age mean z-score | −1.43 (0.91) | −1.43 (0.89) |