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Table 1 Summary of PSA screening guidelines by organization

From: Prostate-specific antigen-based screening: controversy and guidelines

Organization

Year published

Baseline testing (age)

Invitation to screening* (age)

High risk groups** (age)

Screening interval

PSA threshold for biopsy (ng/mL)

American Cancer Society [23]

2010

None

Beginning at 50 years while life expectancy ≥ 10 years

Beginning at 40 years while life expectancy ≥ 10 years

- Annually if PSA ≥ 2.5 ng/mL

- 2.5 ng/mL in select patients

- Every 2 years if PSA < 2.5 ng/mL

- 4.0 ng/mL in most patients

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [24]

2012

None

None

None

None

None

American Urological Association [25]

2013

None

55 - 69 years

40 - 69 years

Every 2 years

None specified

European Association of Urology [26]

2013

40 - 45 years

Any age while life expectancy ≥ 10 years

Any age while life expectancy ≥ 10 years

- Every 2 to 4 years if baseline PSA > 1 ng/mL

None specified

- Every 8 years if baseline PSA ≤ 1 ng/mL

American College of Physicians [27]

2013

None

50 - 69 years

40 - 69 years

Annually if PSA ≥ 2.5 ng/mL

None specified

National Comprehensive Cancer Network [28]

2014

45 - 49 years

50 - 70

Consider change in biopsy threshold

For 40 - 49 years:

- 3.0 ng/mL

years

- Every 1 - 2 years if PSA > 1 ng/mL

- <3.0 ng/mL with excess risk based on multiple factors (family history, race, PSA kinetics)

70 - 75 years if life expectancy ≥ 10 years

- Repeat at age 50 if PSA ≤ 1 ng/mL

For 50 - 70 years:

- Every 1 - 2 years

Melbourne Consensus Statement [29]

2014

40 - 49 years

50 - 69 years

Use to better risk stratify men

None specified

None specified

70+ years while life expectancy ≥ 10 years

  1. *For men who are well-informed on the risks and benefits of PSA screening.
  2. **African American race and first-degree relatives diagnosed with PCa.