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Table 5 Diagnostic yield of tuberculosis (TB) cases from different sample types and the proportion of diagnoses that could be made using Xpert testing of urine samples

From: Rapid microbiological screening for tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients on the first day of acute hospital admission by systematic testing of urine samples using Xpert MTB/RIF: a prospective cohort in South Africa

Sample

Number of TB diagnoses

Diagnostic yield, % (95 % CI)

Number diagnosed by urine Xpert

Proportion diagnosed by urine Xperta, % (95 % CI)

All clinical samples

139

100 (97.4–100)

89

64.0 (55.5–72.0)

Samples collected during the first 24 h of admission

Urine

 Urine Xpert (unconcentrated)

59

42.4 (34.1–51.1)

59

-

 Urine Xpert (concentrated)

82

59.0 (50.3–67.3)

82

-

 Urine Xpert (either sample)

89

64.0 (55.5–72.0)

89

-

Sputum

 Xpert (first sample only)

37

26.6 (19.5–34.8)

20

54.1 (36.9–70.5)

 Xpert (either sample)

39

28.1 (20.8–36.3)

20

51.3 (34.8–67.6)

 Sputum and urine

    

 Xpert (all samples)

108

77.7 (69.8–84.3)

89

82.4 (73.9–89.1)

All other samples collected during admission

Sputum

 Xpert

57

41.0 (32.7–49.7)

30

52.6 (39.0–66.0)

 Culture

58

41.7 (33.4–50.4)

33

56.9 (43.2–69.8)

 Either culture or Xpert

75

54.0 (453–62.4)

42

56.0 (44.1–67.5)

Cultures of non-respiratory samples

 All non-respiratory samples

70

50.3 (41.8–58.9)

46

65.7 (53.4–76.7)

 Blood

41

29.5 (22.1–37.8)

32

78.0 (62.4–89.4)

 Pleural fluid

13

9.4 (5.1–15.5)

6

46.2 (19.2–74.9)

 Urine

11

7.9 (4.0–13.7)

8

72.7 (39.0–94.0)

 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

8

5.8 (2.5–11.0)

3

37.5 (8.5–75.5)

 Lymph node fine needle aspirate (FNA)

6

4.3 (1.6–9.2)

4

66.7 (22.2–95.7)

 Other

5

3.6 (1.2–8.2)

4

80.0 (28.4–99.5)

  1. aAny positive result from testing unconcentrated and concentrated samples