Table 1 Characteristics of study participants in the EPIC study. Values refer to either median (minimum – maximum range) or number (percentage)
From: Metabolomic profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma in a European prospective cohort
HCC cases | Matched controls | |
|---|---|---|
Characteristics | (n = 114)a | (n = 222) |
Gender | ||
Men | 79 (69.3 %) | 153 (68.9 %) |
Women | 35 (30.7 %) | 69 (31.1 %) |
Age at blood collection (years) | 60.6 (46.1–77) | 60.2 (45.7–77) |
Age at diagnosis (years) | 65.3 (47.6–86.4) | |
Lag time (years)b | 4.8 (0.01–13.3) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.7 (19.5–43.4) | 26.5 (17.2–40.2) |
Waist circumference (cm) | 95 (68.5–140) | 92.2 (64–130) |
Smoking status | ||
Never | 30 (26.3 %) | 94 (42.3 %) |
Former | 39 (34.2 %) | 86 (38.7 %) |
Current smoker | 44 (38.6 %) | 41 (18.5 %) |
Unknown | 1 (0.9 %) | 1 (0.5 %) |
Serum-clot contact timec | ||
≤1 day | 84 (73.7 %) | 169 (76.1 %) |
>1 day | 30 (26.3 %) | 53 (23.9 %) |
Educational status | ||
Primary school/None | 61 (53.5 %) | 106 (47.7 %) |
Secondary school | 4 (3.5 %) | 23 (10.4 %) |
Technical/professional school | 30 (26.3 %) | 45 (20.3 %) |
Longer education | 18 (15.8 %) | 44 (19.8 %) |
Unknown | 1 (0.9 %) | 4 (1.8 %) |
Physical activity | ||
Inactive | 10 (8.8 %) | 29 (13.1 %) |
Moderately inactive | 36 (31.6 %) | 71 (32 %) |
Moderately active | 57 (50 %) | 100 (45 %) |
Active | 11 (9.6 %) | 22 (9.9 %) |
Lifetime alcohol drinking pattern | ||
Never drinkers | 10 (8.8 %) | 17 (7.7 %) |
Former drinkers | 17 (14.9 %) | 3 (1.4 %) |
Drinkers only at recruitment | 17 (14.9 %) | 43 (19.4 %) |
Lifetime drinkers | 70 (61.4 %) | 159 (71.6 %) |
Alcohol intake at recruitment (g/day) | 7.5 (0–141.3) | 8.8 (0–108.6) |
HBV/HCV status | ||
No | 77 (67.5 %) | 215 (96.8 %) |
Yes | 37 (32.5 %) | 7 (3.2 %) |
Liver function scored | ||
No | 34 (29.8 %) | 188 (84.7 %) |
Probable | 42 (36.8 %) | 32 (14.4 %) |
Likely | 38 (33.3 %) | 2 (0.9 %) |
AFP (ng/mL) | 5.3 (0–18780) | 3.25 (0–20.8) |