Fig. 2

Effective vector control interventions and joint population at risk of pairs of vector-borne diseases. To assess the potential for integrating vector control between a pair of diseases, the two diseases in the diagonal cells are identified, followed by the cells where their rows and columns intersect. Cells in the lower left give the number of people (in millions) living in areas at risk from a given pair of diseases. Cells in the upper-right list vector control methods which may be effective against both diseases (see Additional file 1 for details). LLINs, Long-lasting insecticidal nets; ITS, Insecticidal house screening or curtains; IRS, Indoor residual spraying of insecticides; LSM, Larval source management. Whilst some of these vector control methods can be deployed in exactly the same way for multiple diseases (e.g. LLIN for malaria and lymphatic filariasis) and can therefore be easily targeted at multiple diseases, others will require different procedures for different diseases (e.g. LSM for malaria and dengue) and the potential for combined control will be more limited