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Fig. 1 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker in bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of 52 studies

Fig. 1

Forest plots of between-group meta-analyses measuring peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in subjects with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls, separated by mood state and medication status. (a) Mania, studies separated according use of medication. (b) Depression, studies separated according use of medication. The sizes of the circles are proportional to the sample size. Circles depict individual studies and diamonds depict the pooled effect sizes. Serum and plasma BDNF levels were decreased in subjects with bipolar disorder in mania and depression on and off psychiatric medication when compared to healthy controls

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