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Table 2 Patient and parasitological characteristics of 32 culture-adapted isolates and their association with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment outcome at day 42 in Cambodian patients, Cambodia (2012 retrospective study)

From: Plasmodium falciparum dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine failures in Cambodia are associated with mutant K13 parasites presenting high survival rates in novel piperaquine in vitro assays: retrospective and prospective investigations

Risk factors

 

All patients n = 32

Non-recrudescent patients n = 21

Recrudescent patients n = 11

P value

Patient

     

Age, years (median, IQR)

 

19 (16.5–23)

19 (17.2–22.2)

19 (14.2–23.5)

0.67*

Sex, male (n, %)

 

21 (66 %)

13 (62 %)

8 (73 %)

0.70**

Weight, kg (median, IQR)

 

49.5 (41.5–55.0)

50 (42.7–55.2)

45.0 (40.2–54.7)

0.49*

Axillary temperature, °C (median, IQR)

38.5 (38.1–39.5)

38.5 (38.4–39.5)

38.5 (38.1–39.4)

0.87*

Dihydroartemisinin dose, mg/kg/day (median, IQR)

2.4 (2.2–2.7)

2.4 (2.2–2.6)

2.4 (2.2–2.7)

0.53*

Piperaquine dose, mg/kg/day (median, IQR)

19.2 (17.5–21.3)

18.8 (17.4–21.0)

19.4 (17.6–21.7)

0.47*

Target dose ≥2/16 mg/kg/d DHA/PPQ (n, %)

29 (91 %)

18 (86 %)

11 (100 %)

0.53**

Day 7 plasma piperaquine concentration, ng/mL (median, IQR)

41.8 (31.6–58.5)

40.1 (30.4–56.7)

47.5 (32.7–60.4)

0.53*

Day 3 parasite positive (n, %)

 

10 (31 %)

6 (29 %)

4 (36 %)

0.70**

Parasite

     

Day 0 N° parasites per μL (median, IQR)

15,879 (5,961–64,291)

13,936 (6,960–47,097)

28,455 (5,250–81,063)

0.59*

Presence of K13 C580Y allele (n, %)

32 (100 %)

21 (100 %)

11 (100 %)

1**

Pfmdr1 copy number (median, range)

1 (1–3)

1 (1–3)

1 (1)

0.11*

Chloroquine IC50 at D0 (nM)

Interpretable IC50 (n, %)

31 (97 %)

20 (95 %)

11 (100 %)

1**

median, IQR

183 (94–308)

199 (72–306)

150 (126–389)

0.87*

Piperaquine IC50 at D0 (nM)

Interpretable IC50 (n, %)

12 (37 %)

10 (48 %)

2 (18 %)

0.14**

median, IQR

42.9 (22.4–52.7)

40.3 (7.6–52.1)

55.6

0.39*

Piperaquine IC90 at D0 (nM)

Interpretable IC90 (n, %)

12 (37 %)

10 (48 %)

2 (18 %)

0.14**

median, IQR

81.7 (58.1–119.8)

72.2 (54.3–96.0)

132.6

0.06*

Mefloquine IC50 at D0 (nM)

median, IQR

42.9 (22.4–52.7)

40.3 (7.6–52.1)

55.6

0.39*

median, IQR

24.4 (18.4–34.3)

32.2 (19.4–39.8)

19.7 (15.5–22.2)

0.03*,***

DHA IC50 at D0 (nM)

Interpretable IC50 (n, %)

31 (97 %)

20 (95 %)

11 (100 %)

1**

median, IQR

0.86 (0.61–1.58)

0.88 (0.63–1.86)

0.83 (0.61–1.02)

0.30*

Survival rate (RSA0–3h) (n, %)

Interpretable (n, %)

32 (100 %)

21 (100 %)

11 (100 %)

1**

median, IQR

13.2 (9.9–18.1)

12.3 (10.0–15.2)

15.2 (8.1–20.9)

0.54*

  1. *Calculated by the Mann-Whitney U test
  2. **Calculated by Fisher exact test
  3. ***Significant P values
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