Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequencing and protein structure modelling provides insights into anti-tuberculosis drug resistance

Table 1 First-line drug related SNPs identified in association and convergent evolution analysis

Drug	Gene	SNP mutations (% in resistant isolates)
Rifampicin	rpoB	T400A (3.8), D435V (9.4), H445D/Y (11.3),
		H445R (5.7), S450W/L (60.4), I491V/F (3.8)
Isoniazid	katG	S315N (69.2)
Isoniazid	Rv1482c-fabG1 (inhA-promoter)	C-15 T (24.6)
Streptomycin	rpsL	K43R (24.4)
Ethambutol	embB	C12T (5.9), M306I (14.7), M306V* (17.7), D354A (11.8), G406S/C (11.8), G406D/A (11.8), Q497P/R* (17.7***), D1024N (8.8)
Ethambutol	cadI	C-39 T (8.8)

The genes were identified using aggregated mutation mixed models. The SNPs were identified using the phyC method and those also found using the GWAS mixed model approach are highlighted in bold
SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, GWAS genome-wide association study
*observed in “sensitive” strains at frequency 3.2 %; **4.3 %; ***1.1 %; all P < 1 × 10^-5 from association analysis

ISSN: 1741-7015