Fig. 1

Effect of Tanner stage change in boys on the risk of developing high-grade prostate cancer. In ProtecT, proportional risk reduction for high-grade prostate cancer (Gleason ≥7) for each SNP plotted against each SNP’s absolute effect on lowering Tanner stage. The trend line, set to intercept the axes at the origin, represents the percentage risk reduction for high-grade disease per unit decrease in Tanner stage. Excluding SNP rs6427782, which was out of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium pre-Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, from the plot did not produce an appreciable change in the results. Tanner genital stage in boys was treated as a quantitative trait on a scale of 1–5, according to the studies where the associated SNPs were first described [8, 9]