Skip to main content

Table 3 Prevalence of CKD risk factors (as expressed in NICE guidelines) stratified for CKD onset; values are numbers (%) unless indicated otherwise

From: An external validation of models to predict the onset of chronic kidney disease using population-based electronic health records from Salford, UK

CKD risk factors

No CKD

CKD (n = 6038)

Patients with complete follow-up (n = 156,615)

Patients with incomplete follow-up (n = 172,361)

Hypertensiona

22,074 (14.1)

24,971 (14.5)

3554 (58.9)

Hypertensive treatmentb

22,122 (14.1)

24,769 (14.4)

3655 (60.5)

Type 1 diabetes mellitusa

703 (0.4)

740 (0.4)

36 (0.6)

Type 2 diabetes mellitusa

5574 (3.6)

6383 (3.7)

1221 (20.2)

History of cardiovascular diseasea

11,096 (7.1)

13,407 (7.8)

2182 (36.1)

History of heart failurea

743 (0.5)

1088 (0.6)

387 (6.4)

History of strokea

1875 (1.2)

2538 (1.5)

509 (8.4)

Peripheral vascular diseasea

2127 (1.4)

2532 (1.5)

331 (5.5)

Kidney stonesa

751 (0.5)

814 (0.5)

64 (1.1)

Rheumatoid arthritisa

1321 (0.8)

1512 (0.9)

142 (2.4)

Systemic lupus erythematosusa

99 (0.1)

104 (0.1)

8 (0.1)

Family history of kidney diseasea

25 (0)

28 (0)

3 (0)

NSAID useb

5101 (3.3)

5389 (3.1)

402 (6.7)

Acute kidney injury in the last 2 years

1975 (1.3)

2633 (1.5)

413 (6.8)

Prostatic hypertrophya

967 (0.6)

1143 (0.7)

173 (2.9)

Haematuriaa

3176 (2)

3574 (2.1)

341 (5.6)

Lithium useb

150 (0.7)

219 (0.1)

52 (0.9)

Tacrolimus useb

4 (0)

5 (0)

2 (0)

Cyclosporin useb

12 (0.1)

20 (0)

6 (0.1)

  1. NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SD, standard deviation
  2. aBased on diagnostic Read codes
  3. bAt least two prescriptions in the 6 months before entry date