Table 4 Quality assessment classifications from the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool
Lead author | Year | Selection bias | Study design | Confounder | Blinding | Data collection | Dropouts & withdrawals | Global rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basques | 2015 [30] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
Bischoff-Ferrari | 2010 [20] | Weak | Strong | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong |
Boddaert | 2014 [21] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Fox | 1998 [31] | Weak | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Weak |
French | 2008 [25] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Giusti | 2008 [32] | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Golinvaux | 2014 [48] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Gregersen | 2011 [42] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Hageman | 2014 [43] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Weak |
Halm | 2003 [27] | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Halm | 2003 [33] | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Halm | 2004 [34] | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Härstedt | 2015 [35] | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Heyes | 2015 [29] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Moderate |
Heidari | 2012 [26] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
Hsaio | 2011 [23] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Weak |
Intrator | 1998 [44] | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Weak |
Jou | 2014 [24] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Weak |
Kates | 2014 [28] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Kates | 2015 [49] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Khan | 2012 [36] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Moderate |
Kiel | 1994 [45] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Le-Wendling | 2012 [37] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Strong | Moderate |
Ling | 2013 [19] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
Merchant | 2005 [38] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Ottenbacher | 2003 [46] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Moderate |
Pollock | 2015 [50] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Weak |
Radcliff | 2008 [51] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Riggs | 2010 [39] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
Teixeira | 2009 [40] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Toson | 2015 [53] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong |
Toy | 2014 [41] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Tsai | 2013 [47] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Moderate |
Vochteloo | 2011 [22] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
Zhang | 2014 [52] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Weak |