Thyroid function and risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based prospective cohort study

Table 2 Association between thyroid function and the risk of incident prediabetes and diabetes

Thyroid function measurements	HR (95 % CI) Model 1	HR (95 % CI) Model 2	Incident cases	Total participants
Incident Diabetes
Full range of measurement
TSH mIU/L	1.09 (1.06–1.12)	1.06 (1.00–1.13)	798	8447
Free T4 pmol/L	0.96 (0.93–0.99)	0.96 (0.93–0.99)	797	8446
Normal TSH and FT4 values
TSH mIU/L	1.16 (1.04–1.30)	1.14 (1.02–1.27)	685	7188
Free T4 pmol/L	0.96 (0.92–0.99)	0.94 (0.90–0.98)	685	7188
Progression from prediabetes to diabetes
Full range of measurement
TSH mIU/L	1.17 (1.07–1.27)	1.13 (1.03–1.24)	412	1337
Free T4 pmol/L	0.92 (0.89–0.97)	0.93 (0.89–0.98)	411	1336
Normal TSH and FT4 values
TSH mIU/L	1.26 (1.08–1.47)	1.21 (1.04–1.41)	358	1137
Free T4 pmol/L	0.90 (0.85–0.95)	0.91 (0.86–0.97)	358	1137

Model 1: adjusted for sex, age, smoking, fasting serum glucose levels and cohort
Model 2: adjusted for sex, age, smoking, cohort, fasting serum glucose levels, fasting serum insulin measurements, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure lowering medication, HDL cholesterol, and body mass index
Normal range of TSH is defined by 0.4–4.0 mIU/L and normal range FT4 is defined by 11–25 pmol/L and participants not using levothyroxine
Results are presented as HR per doubling of TSH on average and per one increase in pmol/L of FT4
CI confidence interval, FT4 free thyroxine, HR hazard ratio, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone

ISSN: 1741-7015