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Table 4 Cox univariable and multivariable modelling of factors associated with risk of reinfection by day 28 in the modified intent-to-treat population (N = 397, 62 reinfections)

From: Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in relation to drug exposure in children with and without severe acute malnutrition: an open comparative intervention study in Mali and Niger

  

Univariable

Multivariable

Variable

n/Na (%)

HR (95 % CI)

P

HR (95 % CI)

P

Severe malnutrition by age group

  

0.0043

 

0.0111

  ≤ 21 months

   

  Non-SAM

9/98 (9.2)

0.50 (0.24–1.06)

0.51 (0.24–1.07)

  SAM

12/99 (12.1)

0.68 (0.35–1.33)

0.74 (0.38–1.45)

  > 21 months

   

  Non-SAM

30/168 (17.9)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

  SAM

11/32 (34.4)

2.25 (1.12–4.48)

2.10 (1.05–4.22)

Study site

  

0.054

 

0.244

 Mali

61/359 (17.0)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

 Niger

1/38 (2.6)

0.14 (0.02–1.04)

0.31 (0.04–2.25)

Parasite density at inclusion (parasites/μL), per 1 log10 increase

28520 vs. 10200b

1.22 (1.03–1.45)

0.019

1.10 (0.95–1.27)

0.189

Season at inclusion

  

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

 Nov–Jan (low)

5/198 (2.5)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

 Jun–Oct (high)

57/199 (28.6)

12.43 (4.98–31.01)

10.27 (4.07–25.95)

Has a mosquito net

  

0.047

___

NSc

 No

18/75 (24.0)

1 (Ref)

 Yes

44/322 (13.7)

0.57 (0.33–0.99)

Stunting (HFA < –2 z-score)

  

0.042

___

NSc

 No

49/264 (18.6)

1 (Ref)

 Yes

13/133 (9.8)

0.53 (0.29–0.98)

Lumefantrine dose-weight

   

___

NSc

  > 60 mg/kg

45/324 (13.9)

1 (Ref)

 

  ≤ 60 mg/kg

17/73 (23.3)

1.83 (1.05–3.20)

0.033

  1. Variables tested in univariable analysis were presence of severe acute malnutrition, age, study site, parasite density at inclusion, season at inclusion, sex, education level, type of residence, possession and use of a mosquito net, presence of stunting, moderate anemia, severe anemia, gametocytes at inclusion, early vomiting after treatment administration, and lumefantrine dose-weight received (artemether dose-weight was collinear with lumefantrine dose-weight as fixed combinations were used). Only variables with P < 0.10 are displayed here. Age, study site, and parasite density at inclusion were forced in multivariable models regardless of significance. Other variables were kept if P < 0.05
  2. aN, total number; n, number with reinfection by day 28
  3. bMedian value in reinfected versus non-reinfected children are displayed
  4. cMosquito net possession, stunting, and lumefantrine dose-weight did not remain significantly associated with reinfection in multivariable analysis
  5. SAM severe acute malnutrition, HR hazard ratio, CI Wald confidence interval, Ref reference, HFA height-for-age ratio, NS not significant