Study | n | Patient characteristics | Methodological characteristics | MCID | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Clinical condition | Age, years (range)b | Male sex, % | Baseline pain, mm | Pain scale | Transition scale (directionality, categories) | Follow-up (Analysis adjusted)c | Category defining MCID | Absoluted mm (95% CI) | Relativee % (95% CI) |
Aicher [25] | 1743 | Headache | 38h (16–72) | 24 | 64 | VAS | 1-sided, 4 cat | Single | Less good efficacy | 27 (25–29) | NR |
Bailey [26] | 202 | Mixedg | 12 (8–17) | 57 | NR | NRS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Single | A little better | 10 (0–20)h | NR |
Barton 2002 (reported in Jensen 2002 [43]) | 125 | Post-operation pain (laparotomy) | 41 | 0 | NR | VAS | 1-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (unclear) | A little relief | 9 (7–12) | 13 (8–17) |
Bernstein [27] | 135 | Unspecified | 42 (21–65) | 45 | 100h | NRS | 1-sided, 5 cat | Single | A little relief | 21 (18–24) | NR |
Bijur [28]f | 108 | Unspecified | 44 (21–85) | 40 | 73 | VAS + NRS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (no) | A little less pain | 16 (11–21) | 22 (15–28) |
Bijur [29]f | 195 | Unspecified | 74 | 27 | 74 | NRS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (yes) | A little less pain | 15 (14–17) | 24 (21–27) |
Bijur [30]f | 214 | Unspecified | 74 | 34 | 86 | NRS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (yes) | A little less pain | 14 (12–15) | 22 (19–25) |
Bird [31] | 77 | Isolated extremity trauma | 38 | 62 | 52 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (no) | A little less pain | 20 (15–25) | NR |
Bulloch [32] | 121 | Mixedg (65% traumatic, 35% non-traumatic) | 10 (5–16) | 56 | 60h | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (no) | A little less pain | 17 (11–23) | NR |
Cepeda [33] | 700 | Post-operation pain (mixed) | 41 (16–88) | 38 | 79 | NRS | 1-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (yes) | Minimal improvement | 17 (10–20)h | 20 (13–30)h |
Chow [34] | 105 | Pain flare after radiotherapy | 70h | 56 | 50 | NRS | 2-sided, 3 cat | Multiple (no) | Better | 23 (20–26) | NR |
Degerli [35] | 306 | Thoraco-abdominal pain (non-traumatic) | 42 (17–83) | 40 | 67 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (no) | A little less pain | 25 (23–26) | NR |
Farrar [36] | 134 | Cancer-related breakthrough pain | 55 (21–87) | 53 | NR | NRS | 1-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (yes) | Slight relief | 13–19j | 16–34j |
Fosnocht [37] | 1490 | Mixedg | 36 (18–89) | 47 | 63 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (no) | A little less pain | 21 (19–23) | NR |
Gallagher [38]f | 96 | Mixedg | 37 (19–71) | 45 | 64 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (yes) | A little less pain | 15 (11–18) | 17 (6–29) |
Gallagher [39]f | 101 | Abdominal pain | 40 (15–88) | 39 | 65 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (yes) | A little less pain | 18 (14–21) | 23 (12–33) |
Grilo [40] | 50 | Rheumatic conditions | 49 (16–85) | 44 | 78 | VAS | 1-sided, 5 cat | Single | Moderate relief | 40i | NR |
Grotle [41] | 54 | Acute low back pain | 38 | 27 | 39 | VAS + NRS | 2-sided, 6 cat | Single | Slightly improved | 34 (20–48) |  |
Holdgate [42]f | 79 | Unspecified | 53 (21–93) | NR | 54 | VAS + NRS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (yes) | A bit better | 16 (12–20) | 34 (27–41) |
Kelly [44] | 156 | Mixedg (43% traumatic, 57% non-traumatic) | 44 (16–97) | 56 | 51 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (unclear) | A little better | 8 (4–12) | NR |
Kendrick 2005 [47] | 356 | Mixedg (35% traumatic, 65% non-traumatic) | 41h | 42 | 66 | NRS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (no) | A little less pain | 15 (13–16) | NR |
Lopez [21] | 74 | Sickle cell crisis | NR | NR | 79 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (no) | A little better | 14 (11–16)h,k | NR |
Mark [48] | 186 | Unspecified | 49 (15–87) | 38 | 65 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Single | A little better | 17 (14–20)k | NR |
Martin [49] | 95 | Third molar extraction | 30 | 40 | 33 | VAS | 2-sided, 7 cat | Single | Much improved or best ever | 23i | 72i |
Martin [49] | 63 | Third molar extraction | 25 | 40 | 35 | Do | Do | Do | Do | 25i | 69i |
Martin [49] | 62 | Third molar extraction | 27 | 50 | 30 | Do | Do | Do | Do | 29i | 85i |
McConahay [50] | 126 | Mixedg (48% traumatic, 52% non-traumatic) | 9 (5–12) | 56 | 83 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Single | A little less pain | 24 (17–31) | NR |
Mohan [51]f | 125 | Unspecified | 35h | 44 | 46 | VAS + NRS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (yes) | A bit better | 13 (9–17) | 18 (1–35) |
Myrvik [52] | 28 | Sickle cell crisis | 15 (8–18) | 50 | 75h | VAS + NRS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (unclear) | A little better | 10 (4–15) | NR |
Powell [53] | 73 | Mixed (63% traumatic, 37% non-traumatic) | 12 (8–15) | NR | 60 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (yes) | A bit better | 11i | NR |
Rasmussen 2002 (reported in Jensen 2002 [43]) | 123 | Post-operation pain (knee surgery) | 65 | 34 | NR | VAS | 1-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (unclear) | A little relief | 13 (10–17) | 18 (14–22) |
Sloman [54] | 150 | Post-operation pain (mixed) | 47 (14–89) | 53 | 67 | NRS | 1-sided, 5 cat | Single | Minimal relief | 18i | 36 (21–51) |
Stahmer [55] | 81 | Mixedg (31% traumatic, 69% non-traumatic) | 38 (16–87) | 44 | 68 | NRS | 1-sided, 5 cat | Single | Some relief or partial relief | NR | 30 (18–42) |
Todd [56] | 48 | Trauma | 35h (17–76) | 69 | 56 | VAS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (no) | A little less pain | 16 (10–22) | NR |
Voepel-Lewis [59] | 113 | Post-operation pain (e.g. spinal fusion, splenectomy) | 13 (7–16) | 43 | NR | NRS | 2-sided, 5 cat | Multiple (yes) | A little better | 10 (5–15) | NR |