Severe asthma exacerbations | Moderate asthma exacerbation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |
Number of people | 608 | 6048 | 4234 | 41,881 |
Female sex, no. (%) | 428 (70.4) | 4261 (70.5) | 2815 (66.5) | 27,898 (66.6) |
Age (years), mean ± SD | 62.4 ± 13.4 | 62.5 ± 13.3 | 62.8 ± 11.8 | 62.9 ± 11.7 |
Years of follow-up, mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 2.9 | 2.9 ± 2.9 | 2.0 ± 2.5 | 2.0 ± 2.5 |
Asthma medication use,a no. (%) | ||||
SABA | 482 (79.3) | 3631 (60.0) | 2809 (66.3) | 22,916 (54.7) |
ICS | 492 (80.1) | 4336 (71.7) | 3060 (72.3) | 27,236 (65.0) |
LABA | 339 (55.8) | 1905 (31.5) | 1407 (33.2) | 9975 (23.8) |
Leukotriene antagonists | 67 (11.0) | 193 (3.2) | 108 (2.6) | 731 (1.8) |
Methylxanthines | 52 (8.6) | 107 (1.7) | 80 (1.9) | 564 (1.4) |
Oral corticosteroids | 270 (44.4) | 417 (6.9) | n/a | n/a |
Cardiac medication use,b no. (%) | ||||
Alpha blockers | 68 (11.2) | 590 (9.8) | 395 (9.3) | 3774 (9.0) |
Beta-blockers | 47 (7.7) | 533 (8.8) | 425 (10.0) | 4628 (11.1) |
Calcium channel blockers | 293 (48.2) | 2755 (45.6) | 1775 (41.9) | 18,708 (44.7) |
Diuretics | 333 (54.8) | 3210 (53.1) | 2185 (51.6) | 21,240 (50.7) |
Nitrates | 97 (16.0) | 653 (10.8) | 495 (11.7) | 4760 (11.4) |
Renin angiotensin system inhibitors | 404 (66.5) | 3973 (65.7) | 2679 (63.3) | 26344 (62.3) |
Charlson comorbidity index, ± SD | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 1.5 |
Body mass index, ± SD | 31.0 ± 7.0 | 30.1 ± 6.3 | 30.2 ± 6.3 | 29.7 ± 6.0 |
Smoking status, no. (%) | ||||
Current smoker | 63 (10.4) | 566 (9.4) | 444 (10.5) | 4132 (9.9) |
Non-smoker | 516 (84.9) | 5314 (87.9) | 3664 (86.5) | 36,256 (86.5) |
Missing | 29 (4.8) | 168 (2.8) | 126 (3.0) | 1493 (3.6) |
Respiratory tract infection,a no. (%) | 110 (18.1) | 398 (6.6) | 597 (14.1) | 2001 (4.8) |
Ever hospitalised for asthma, no. (%) | 84 (13.8) | 120 (2.0) | 115 (2.7) | 602 (1.5) |
Primary care asthma review,b no. (%) | 283 (46.6) | 2917 (48.2) | 2104 (49.7) | 18,905 (45.1) |