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Table 1 Participant characteristics

From: Financial barriers and adverse clinical outcomes among patients with cardiovascular-related chronic diseases: a cohort study

 

Overall (n = 120,752)

Any financial barrier (n = 12,303)*

No financial barrier (n = 108,449)

p (chi square)

n

%

n

%

n

%

 

Age

45–64 years

50,228

41.6

7470

60.7

42,758

39.4

<0.001

65–74 years

33,951

28.1

2766

22.5

31,185

28.8

75+

36,573

30.3

2067

16.8

34,506

31.8

Demographic characteristics

Sex: male

53,098

44.0

4882

39.7

48,216

44.5

<0.001

Marital Status: married

67,725

56.1

5010

40.8

62,715

57.9

<0.001

Residence: rural

34,386

28.5

3320

27.0

31,066

28.7

<0.001

Ethnicity

White

111,639

92.8

10,690

87.4

100,949

93.5

<0.001

Indigenous

3030

2.5

717

5.9

2313

2.1

Other

5585

4.6

831

6.8

4754

4.4

Not stated

498

 

65

 

433

 

Household income ($ CAD)

0–29,999

44,638

43.9

8108

72.2

36,530

40.4

<0.001

30,000–49,999

25,802

25.4

1942

17.3

23,860

26.4

50,000–69,999

18,630

18.3

818

7.3

17,812

19.7

70,000 +

12,628

12.4

367

3.2

12,261

13.5

Not stated

19,054

 

1068

 

17,986

 

Education

Less than secondary

42,199

35.3

5248

43.0

36,951

34.4

<0.001

Secondary graduate

26,026

21.8

2545

20.9

23,481

21.9

Post-secondary graduate

51,269

42.9

4398

36.1

46,871

43.7

Not stated

1258

 

112

 

1146

 

Smoking status

Current smoker

49,309

40.8

4157

33.8

45,152

41.6

<0.001

Former smoker

52,395

43.4

4423

36.0

47,972

44.2

Never smoker

19,048

15.8

3723

30.2

15,325

14.1

Type of condition

Hypertension

99,611

82.5

9962

81.0

89,649

82.7

<0.001

Diabetes

30,055

24.9

3821

31.1

26,234

24.2

<0.001

Heart disease

32,319

26.8

3665

29.8

28,654

26.4

<0.001

Stroke

6976

5.8

1054

8.6

5922

5.5

<0.001

Multimorbidity†

39,612

32.8

4852

39.4

34,760

32.1

<0.001

Mental illness‡

12,215

12.0

2787

28.2

9428

10.3

<0.001

BMI class (corrected for self-report [35])

Obese

39,401

37.7

4904

45.7

34,497

39,401

<0.001

Overweight

40,210

38.4

3468

32.3

36,742

40,210

Normal/underweight

24,991

23.9

2371

22.1

22,620

24,991

Not stated

16,150

 

1560

 

14,590

16,150

Self-perceived health

Excellent/very good

40,378

33.5

2194

17.9

38,184

35.3

<0.001

Good

42,725

35.4

3664

29.9

39,061

36.1

Fair/poor

37,453

31.1

6416

52.2

31,037

28.7

Not stated

196.0

 

29.0

 

167

 
  1. *Those who identified having at least one type of financial barrier to care - see Appendix
  2. †Multimorbidity denotes those who have more than one of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and/or stroke
  3. ‡Mental illness denotes those who self-reported having either anxiety or mood disorders