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Table 4 Inflammatory markers across pregnancy and from cord blood between randomised treatment groups

From: The effect of an antenatal lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese women on circulating cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers: secondary analyses from the LIMIT randomised trial

Outcome

Lifestyle advice group

Standard care group

Unadjusted estimate (95% CI)

Unadjusted P value

Adjusted estimate (95% CI)a

Adjusted P value

GMCSF (pg/mL)

   

0.036*

 

0.016*

 Baseline

1.02 (0.36, 4.41)

1.05 (0.36, 4.15)

1.00 (0.84, 1.19)

0.986

1.01 (0.85, 1.20)

0.916

 28 weeks

0.99 (0.36, 4.20)

0.92 (0.32, 3.98)

1.06 (0.88, 1.26)

0.545

1.07 (0.90, 1.28)

0.444

 36 weeks

0.99 (0.34, 4.06)

0.95 (0.33, 3.79)

1.00 (0.83, 1.19)

0.964

1.01 (0.84, 1.21)

0.913

 Cord blood

0.44 (0.23, 0.82)

0.43 (0.24, 0.87)

0.81 (0.66, 0.98)

0.034

0.80 (0.65, 0.97)

0.026

IFN-γ (pg/mL)

   

0.638*

 

0.559*

 Baseline

0.39 (0.13, 1.28)

0.35 (0.14, 1.24)

1.02 (0.86, 1.21)

0.809

1.02 (0.86, 1.20)

0.834

 28 weeks

0.38 (0.12, 1.17)

0.34 (0.13, 1.08)

1.02 (0.86, 1.22)

0.801

1.02 (0.86, 1.21)

0.832

 36 weeks

0.35 (0.11, 1.11)

0.30 (0.11, 1.03)

1.09 (0.91, 1.30)

0.333

1.08 (0.90, 1.29)

0.419

 Cord blood

0.17 (0.07, 1.43)

0.20 (0.07, 1.29)

0.96 (0.79, 1.17)

0.684

0.93 (0.76, 1.13)

0.476

TNF-α (pg/mL)

   

0.600*

 

0.643*

 Baseline

0.72 (0.10, 2.69)

0.68 (0.10, 2.53)

1.01 (0.81, 1.25)

0.950

1.00 (0.80, 1.24)

0.967

 28 weeks

0.62 (0.10, 2.69)

0.57 (0.10, 2.14)

1.06 (0.85, 1.33)

0.581

1.05 (0.84, 1.32)

0.650

 36 weeks

0.60 (0.10, 2.28)

0.47 (0.10, 2.08)

1.16 (0.93, 1.46)

0.195

1.15 (0.91, 1.44)

0.247

 Cord blood

0.42 (0.12, 0.87)

0.40 (0.10, 0.82)

1.04 (0.81, 1.32)

0.766

1.04 (0.81, 1.33)

0.770

IL-1β (pg/mL)

   

0.883*

 

0.807*

 Baseline

0.20 (0.10, 0.59)

0.19 (0.10, 0.53)

1.04 (0.88, 1.23)

0.621

1.04 (0.87, 1.23)

0.687

 28 weeks

0.19 (0.10, 0.54)

0.17 (0.10, 0.54)

1.07 (0.90, 1.27)

0.456

1.06 (0.89, 1.26)

0.527

 36 weeks

0.18 (0.10, 0.51)

0.14 (0.10, 0.47)

1.11 (0.93, 1.33)

0.234

1.12 (0.93, 1.34)

0.229

 Cord blood

1.07 (0.39, 3.04)

0.99 (0.34, 2.76)

1.04 (0.86, 1.24)

0.696

1.02 (0.85, 1.22)

0.855

IL-2 (pg/mL)

   

0.055*

 

0.054*

 Baseline

0.76 (0.16, 2.76)

0.65 (0.15, 2.61)

0.99 (0.81, 1.21)

0.926

1.00 (0.82, 1.23)

0.969

 28 weeks

0.73 (0.12, 2.63)

0.50 (0.12, 2.01)

1.16 (0.94, 1.43)

0.159

1.17 (0.95, 1.45)

0.135

 36 weeks

0.66 (0.13, 2.33)

0.45 (0.12, 1.82)

1.16 (0.94, 1.43)

0.179

1.17 (0.94, 1.45)

0.151

 Cord blood

0.12 (0.12, 0.31)

0.12 (0.12, 0.30)

0.91 (0.71, 1.16)

0.444

0.91 (0.71, 1.16)

0.458

IL-4 (pg/mL)

   

0.154*

 

0.159*

 Baseline

1.70 (0.53, 6.14)

1.66 (0.49, 4.89)

1.07 (0.89, 1.27)

0.476

1.06 (0.89, 1.27)

0.530

 28 weeks

1.47 (0.47, 5.51)

1.23 (0.38, 4.38)

1.21 (1.01, 1.46)

0.040

1.20 (0.99, 1.44)

0.058

 36 weeks

1.37 (0.55, 5.22)

1.26 (0.38, 4.18)

1.15 (0.95, 1.38)

0.152

1.13 (0.93, 1.36)

0.217

 Cord blood

1.51 (0.50, 3.53)

1.39 (0.47, 3.70)

0.97 (0.80, 1.19)

0.797

0.96 (0.78, 1.17)

0.665

IL-5 (pg/mL)

   

0.446*

 

0.476*

 Baseline

0.42 (0.18, 0.98)

0.39 (0.18, 0.96)

1.02 (0.90, 1.17)

0.726

1.05 (0.92, 1.20)

0.500

 28 weeks

0.40 (0.18, 0.96)

0.41 (0.18, 0.85)

1.04 (0.91, 1.20)

0.544

1.06 (0.92, 1.22)

0.409

 36 weeks

0.39 (0.18, 0.88)

0.31 (0.18, 0.68)

1.13 (0.98, 1.30)

0.088

1.15 (0.99, 1.32)

0.061

 Cord blood

0.61 (0.31, 1.15)

0.55 (0.31, 1.03)

1.02 (0.88, 1.18)

0.806

1.03 (0.88, 1.19)

0.736

IL-6 (pg/mL)

   

0.857*

 

0.823*

 Baseline

1.18 (0.61, 2.18)

1.14 (0.59, 2.07)

1.02 (0.91, 1.13)

0.773

1.02 (0.91, 1.14)

0.738

 28 weeks

1.12 (0.63, 2.06)

1.11 (0.63, 2.03)

1.05 (0.94, 1.18)

0.403

1.05 (0.94, 1.18)

0.396

 36 weeks

1.33 (0.76, 2.38)

1.26 (0.78, 2.15)

0.99 (0.88, 1.12)

0.911

0.99 (0.88, 1.12)

0.886

 Cord blood

4.46 (1.86, 13.86)

4.32 (1.67, 14.10)

1.00 (0.88, 1.14)

0.943

1.00 (0.87, 1.14)

0.956

IL-8 (pg/mL)

   

0.183*

 

0.198*

 Baseline

7.36 (3.96, 12.06)

7.26 (4.21, 12.22)

0.96 (0.86, 1.08)

0.497

0.96 (0.87, 1.07)

0.482

 28 weeks

7.66 (4.42, 13.57)

7.50 (3.76, 12.41)

1.02 (0.91, 1.15)

0.738

1.04 (0.94, 1.16)

0.451

 36 weeks

7.95 (4.70, 12.86)

7.29 (4.23, 12.07)

1.12 (0.99, 1.27)

0.061

1.10 (0.99, 1.23)

0.073

 Cord blood

58.93 (28.11, 131.39)

58.25 (29.89, 132.60)

1.00 (0.88, 1.15)

0.953

0.99 (0.88, 1.12)

0.872

IL-10 (pg/mL)

   

0.721*

 

0.742*

 Baseline

2.45 (1.65, 3.98)

2.42 (1.68, 4.02)

0.98 (0.91, 1.06)

0.573

0.98 (0.91, 1.06)

0.683

 28 weeks

2.41 (1.60, 3.98)

2.32 (1.59, 3.75)

1.02 (0.94, 1.10)

0.664

1.02 (0.94, 1.10)

0.670

 36 weeks

2.39 (1.63, 3.94)

2.36 (1.60, 3.74)

0.98 (0.91, 1.07)

0.709

0.99 (0.91, 1.07)

0.725

 Cord blood

4.16 (2.68, 6.50)

4.20 (2.59, 6.83)

0.97 (0.89, 1.06)

0.544

0.97 (0.89, 1.06)

0.501

  1. aAdjustment for centre, parity, BMI category (stratification variables), Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage quintile, smoking status, and maternal age at consent
  2. *P value for test of interaction between treatment group and time
  3. Descriptives are median (interquartile range) and estimates are ratios of geometric means (Intervention/Control) with 95% confidence interval
  4. GMCSF granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, IFN-γ interferon gamma, TNF-α tumour necrosis factor alpha, IL interleukin