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Fig. 4 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Comparative safety of anti-epileptic drugs during pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of congenital malformations and prenatal outcomes

Fig. 4

Network meta-analysis forest plots for each treatment versus control. Each rhombus represents the summary treatment effect estimated in the network meta-analysis on the odds ratio (OR) scale. The black horizontal lines represent the credible intervals (CrI) for the summary treatment effects, and the red horizontal lines represent the corresponding predictive intervals (PrI). In the absence of heterogeneity, the CrIs and PrIs should be identical. An OR > 1 suggests that control is safer, whereas an OR < 1 suggests that the comparator active treatment is safer. The vertical blue line corresponds to an OR = 1 (i.e., the treatment groups compared are equally safe). The total sample size (n) included in each treatment is also presented. a Overall major congenital malformations (78 studies, 35,016 cases, 48 treatments). b Combined fetal losses (31 studies, 13,487 cases, 28 treatments). carbam carbamazepine, clobaz clobazam, clonaz clonazepam, ethos ethosuximide, gabap gabapentin, lamot lamotrigine, levet levetiracetam, oxcar oxcarbazepine, pheno phenobarbital, pheny phenytoin, primid primidone, topir topiramate, valpro valproate, vigab vigabatrin

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