Characteristics | Intervention arm | Control arm | P valuea | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (%) | 734 | (49.6) | 747 | (50.4) | |
Child characteristics | |||||
Sex, female, n (%) | 422 | (57.5) | 429 | (57.4) | 1.000 |
Age (months), mean (SD) | 27.7 | ±14.7 | 27.0 | ±13.8 | 0.348 |
Age category, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.973 |
 6–11 months | 94 | (12.8) | 94 | (12.6) |  |
 12–23 months | 213 | (29.0) | 214 | (28.6) |  |
 24–59 months | 427 | (58.2) | 439 | (58.8) |  |
Sibling rank, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.144 |
 Elder | 86 | (11.7) | 69 | (9.2) |  |
 Second | 103 | (14.0) | 109 | (14.6) |  |
 Third | 126 | (17.2) | 119 | (15.9) |  |
 Fourth | 130 | (17.7) | 114 | (15.3) |  |
 Fifth and more | 288 | (39.2) | 336 | (45.0) |  |
 Do not know | 1 | (0.1) | 0 | (0.0) |  |
Weight (kg), mean (SD)b | 7.6 | ±1.7 | 7.5 | ±1.7 | 0.442 |
Height/length (cm), mean (SD) | 76.8 | ±9.3 | 76.3 | ±9.1 | 0.311 |
WHZ, mean (SD)b | –3.1 | ±0.6 | –3.0 | ±0.7 | 0.052 |
HAZ, mean (SD) | –3.4 | ±1.4 | –3.5 | ±1.5 | 0.342 |
MUAC (mm), mean (SD)b | 112.3 | ±4.6 | 111.9 | ±5.6 | 0.086 |
Bilateral oedema, n (%) | 63 | (8.6) | 88 | (11.8) | 0.052 |
IDDS, mean (SD) | 2.8 | ±1.0 | 2.7 | ±0.9 | 0.009 |
Maternal characteristics | |||||
Age (years), mean (SD) | 29.5 | ±7.7 | 29.6 | ±7.4 | 0.675 |
School achievement, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 None | 53 | (7.2) | 47 | (6.3) |  |
 Primary school | 369 | (50.3) | 466 | (62.4) |  |
 Secondary or high | 286 | (39.0) | 211 | (28.2) |  |
 Do not know | 26 | (3.5) | 23 | (3.1) |  |
Marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.649 |
 Monogamous marriage | 505 | (68.8) | 513 | (68.7) |  |
 Polygamous marriage | 166 | (22.6) | 173 | (23.2) |  |
 Other (single, widow, divorcee, separated) | 40 | (5.4) | 45 | (6.0) |  |
 Do not know | 23 | (3.1) | 16 | (2.1) |  |
BMI, mean (SD) | 21.1 | ±2.8 | 21.0 | ±2.7 | 0.423 |
Breastfeeding at time of enrolment, n (%) | 243 | (33.1) | 240 | (32.1) | 0.729 |
Household characteristics | |||||
Household size, mean (SD) | 8.0 | ±2.5 | 7.6 | ±2.5 | 0.001 |
No. of children <5 years at home, mean (SD) | 2.7 | ±1.3 | 2.1 | ±0.9 | <0.001 |
Socioeconomic level (HEA criteria), n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.058 |
 Very poor | 378 | (51.5) | 371 | (49.7) |  |
 Poor | 184 | (25.1) | 179 | (24.0) |  |
 Middle | 68 | (9.3) | 103 | (13.8) |  |
 Better-off | 104 | (14.2) | 94 | (12.6) |  |
HDDS, mean (SD) | 4.1 | ±1.5 | 4.0 | ±1.5 | 0.185 |
HDDS category, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.098 |
 Lowest dietary diversity (≤3 food groups) | 296 | (40.3) | 339 | (45.4) |  |
 Medium dietary diversity (4–5 food groups) | 309 | (42.1) | 299 | (40.0) |  |
 High dietary diversity (≥6 food groups) | 129 | (17.6) | 109 | (14.6) |  |
FCS, mean (SD) | 43.7 | ±12.19 | 43.5 | ±12.8 | 0.768 |
FCS category, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.676 |
 Poor (score 0–28) | 59 | (8.0) | 68 | (9.1) |  |
 Borderline (score 28.5–42) | 311 | (42.4) | 322 | (43.1) |  |
 Acceptable (score >42) | 364 | (49.6) | 357 | (47.8) |  |