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Table 4 Severity of role impairment (Sheehan Disability Scale: SDS) associated with 12-month SAD, by country

From: The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative

Country

Proportion with severe role impairment (SDS score: 7–10)

Number of 12-month cases

Home

Work

Relationship

Social

Anya

%

SE

%

SE

%

SE

%

SE

%

SE

Low/lower-middle income countriesc,d,e,g

9.3

1.6

14.1

2.4

18.0

2.6

21.2

2.8

34.3

3.2

349

 Colombiac,d,e,g,h

8.1

2.3

18.1

5.2

22.5

4.9

32.3

5.0

43.2

5.3

133

 Iraqf

18.0

9.2

9.0

5.4

31.6

12.7

22.7

8.3

48.0

12.6

28

 Nigeria

7.8

7.8

28.2

15.7

24.1

13.9

24.1

13.9

36.3

17.4

9

 Peru

13.7

4.7

13.4

5.2

11.7

4.0

20.6

7.7

33.0

7.9

51

 PRC China

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

17.4

12.1

26.9

13.0

16

 PRC Shen Zhen

2.1

1.9

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2

6.1

3.5

9.4

4.2

45

 Ukrained,h

11.5

4.1

18.4

5.6

23.1

5.8

12.2

4.7

33.0

6.4

67

Upper-middle income countriesc,d,e,f,g

12.7

1.8

17.0

2.5

28.5

2.2

28.5

2.2

39.3

2.6

601

 Brazilc,d,e,g

13.9

4.0

20.5

6.1

25.8

3.5

27.7

3.9

36.7

4.7

186

 Bulgariad,f

5.3

2.9

2.5

1.0

23.2

11.0

10.0

4.7

25.8

10.8

27

 Colombia (Medellin)c,d,e,f,g

12.5

4.0

19.8

4.6

33.5

6.1

33.6

6.0

43.2

6.1

110

 Lebanond,e,f,g

14.1

6.4

7.9

5.5

43.7

10.0

33.8

9.8

45.8

9.6

35

 Mexicod,e,f,g

7.3

2.0

11.9

3.2

23.4

3.7

28.1

4.2

35.2

4.4

134

 Romania

26.0

10.9

31.5

11.9

40.4

12.9

32.0

11.0

56.2

9.8

22

 South Africad

16.6

5.2

17.9

6.0

27.4

6.1

28.1

5.9

43.6

8.1

87

High income countriesc,d,e,f,g,h

11.0

0.7

16.8

0.8

23.6

1.0

29.8

1.1

37.7

1.1

2510

 Australiac,d,e,f,g,h

17.2

2.7

24.3

2.8

37.2

3.9

43.1

4.2

50.1

4.0

381

 Belgiumc,d,e

9.6

6.9

28.1

10.7

37.0

13.1

38.4

8.8

54.9

8.3

28

 Francee,g

9.9

5.1

11.0

4.3

17.5

4.0

24.0

5.3

32.9

5.9

72

 Germanyc,d,e,g

4.0

3.0

14.1

4.9

20.0

5.9

28.0

7.9

42.2

7.9

58

 Italyf

15.9

6.1

7.9

3.9

23.3

6.0

17.1

6.3

33.1

6.9

53

 Japanc,d

6.5

5.9

26.2

8.3

20.4

8.0

25.7

9.4

37.8

8.8

25

 New Zealandc,d,e,f,g,h

6.1

1.1

12.3

1.3

18.8

1.9

26.7

2.1

32.5

2.1

720

 Northern Irelandd,e,g,h

19.6

2.7

24.7

3.0

31.4

3.4

41.4

4.3

52.3

4.1

183

 Poland

14.2

4.6

21.3

4.8

18.6

4.5

21.4

5.2

32.4

5.6

91

 Portugalc,d,e,g

7.2

2.1

13.4

2.5

15.8

2.7

19.4

3.2

25.1

3.9

124

 Spain

8.2

5.4

15.6

7.3

21.2

9.8

17.0

8.2

26.3

10.5

33

 Spain (Murcia)c,d,e,f,g

25.8

8.9

41.7

12.7

67.2

11.0

62.4

6.8

71.6

9.4

33

 The Netherlandsc

41.9

11.2

56.8

12.7

46.8

13.9

56.1

11.1

63.6

12.0

30

 USAc,d,e,f,g,h

10.9

1.3

15.4

1.4

22.6

1.6

28.8

1.4

36.5

1.7

679

All countries combinedc,d,e,f,g,h

11.1

0.7

16.5

0.8

23.9

0.9

28.6

0.9

37.6

1.0

3460

WHO regions

           

 Region of the Americasc,d,e,f,g,h

11.0

1.0

16.5

1.4

23.7

1.3

29.0

1.3

37.5

1.5

1293

 African Regiond,e

15.6

4.7

19.1

5.6

27.0

5.6

27.6

5.4

42.7

7.4

96

 Western Pacific regionc,d,e,f,g,h

8.1

1.0

14.2

1.1

21.4

1.6

28.7

1.8

34.9

1.8

1187

 Eastern Mediterranean Regiond,e,f,g

15.8

5.4

8.4

3.9

38.4

7.9

28.9

7.0

46.8

7.7

63

 Western European Regionc,d,e,f,g,h

14.4

1.7

20.2

2.0

26.7

2.0

31.4

2.2

41.7

2.4

614

 Eastern European Regionc,d,h

13.2

2.6

18.3

3.1

23.4

3.6

17.6

3.1

34.2

3.7

207

Comparison between countriesb

χ2 27 = 2.3*, P < 0.001

χ2 27 = 2.9*, P < 0.001

χ2 27 = 3.0*, P < 0.001

χ2 27 = 2.8*, P < 0.001

χ2 27 = 2.6*, P < 0.001

 

Comparison between low, middle, and high income country groupsb

χ2 2 = 1.0, P = 0.371

χ2 2 = 0.6, P = 0.561

χ2 2 = 4.7*, P = 0.008

χ2 2 = 4.1*, P = 0.016

χ2 2 = 0.8, P = 0.463

 

Comparison between WHO regionsb

χ2 5 = 2.9*, P = 0.013

χ2 5 = 2.3*, P = 0.042

χ2 5 = 1.5, P = 0.180

χ2 5 = 2.7*, P = 0.020

χ2 5 = 1.5, P = 0.175

 
  1. *Significant at the 0.05 level
  2. aHighest severity category across four SDS role domains
  3. bChi-square test of homogeneity to determine if there is variation in impairment severity across countries. McNemar’s chi-square test to determine if there is a significant difference for chome vs work impairment, dhome vs relationship impairment, ehome vs social impairment, fwork vs relationship impairment, gwork vs social impairment, hrelationship vs social impairment for each row entry. For example, cfor Colombia indicates that the proportion with severe impairment associated with social anxiety disorder is significantly higher for work than home