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Table 5 Bivariate associations between socio-demographics correlates and DSM-IV social anxiety disorder (all countries combined)

From: The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative

Correlates

30-day Social Anxiety Disordera

Lifetime Social Anxiety Disorderb

12-month Social Anxiety Disorder among lifetime casesc

30-day Social Anxiety Disorder among 12-month casesc

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

Age-cohort

 18-29

3.2*

(2.6-3.9)

3.6*

(3.2-4.0)

    

 30-44

2.8*

(2.3-3.4)

2.9*

(2.6-3.2)

    

 45-59

2.5*

(2.0-3.1)

2.4*

(2.1-2.6)

    

 60+

1.0

 

1.0

     

Age-cohort differenced

χ2 3 = 145.4*, P < .001

χ2 3 = 547.3*, P < .001

  

Age of onset

 Early

    

1.5*

(1.2-1.8)

1.0

(0.7-1.2)

 Early-average

    

1.4*

(1.1-1.7)

0.9

(0.7-1.2)

 Late-average

    

1.1

(0.9-1.3)

0.9

(0.8-1.2)

 Late

    

1.0

 

1.0

 

Age of onset differenced

    

χ2 3 = 15.4*, P = 0.002

χ2 3 = 0.5, P = 0.926

Time since onset (Continuous)

    

0.98*

(0.98-0.99)

1.01*

(1.00-1.01)

     

χ2 1 = 63.1*, P < .001

χ2 1 = 5.0*, P = 0.025

Gender

 Female

1.7*

(1.5-1.9)

1.3*

(1.2-1.4)

1.3*

(1.2-1.5)

1.2*

(1.0-1.4)

 Male

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Gender differenced

χ2 1 = 65.3*, P < .001

χ2 1 = 61.5*, P < .001

χ2 1 = 15.7*, P < .001

χ2 1 = 5.9*, P = 0.015

Employment status

 Student

1.4*

(1.1-1.9)

1.2

(1.0-1.4)

1.1

(0.8-1.6)

2.1*

(1.4-3.0)

 Homemaker

1.5*

(1.3-1.7)

1.2*

(1.1-1.3)

1.4*

(1.1-1.7)

1.4*

(1.1-1.8)

 Retired

0.6*

(0.5-0.8)

0.9

(0.7-1.0)

1.0

(0.7-1.3)

0.9

(0.6-1.3)

 Other

1.8*

(1.5-2.1)

1.5*

(1.3-1.6)

2.0*

(1.6-2.6)

1.0

(0.8-1.3)

 Employed

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Employment status differenced

χ2 4 = 81.8*, P < .001

χ2 4 = 63.6*, P < .001

χ2 4 = 36.9*, P < .001

χ2 4 = 20.4*, P < .001

Marital status

 Never married

1.2*

(1.1-1.4)

1.4*

(1.3-1.5)

1.3*

(1.1-1.6)

1.0

(0.8-1.2)

 Divorced/separated/widowed

1.5*

(1.3-1.7)

1.3*

(1.2-1.5)

1.4*

(1.1-1.6)

1.0

(0.8-1.3)

 Currently married

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Marital status differenced

χ2 2 = 26.6*, P < .001

χ2 2 = 75.7*, P < .001

χ2 2 = 18.4*, P < .001

χ2 2 = 0.2, P = 0.887

Education level

 No education

1.3

(0.8-2.2)

0.8

(0.6-1.2)

5.6*

(2.2-14.4)

1.2

(0.6-2.6)

 Some primary

1.8*

(1.3-2.4)

1.1

(0.9-1.3)

3.0*

(2.1-4.3)

1.7*

(1.1-2.8)

 Finished primary

1.5*

(1.2-2.0)

1.2

(1.0-1.4)

2.0*

(1.4-2.8)

1.1

(0.7-1.8)

 Some secondary

1.4*

(1.1-1.7)

1.2*

(1.1-1.3)

1.6*

(1.3-2.0)

1.0

(0.8-1.4)

 Finished secondary

1.0

(0.8-1.2)

1.1

(1.0-1.2)

1.3*

(1.1-1.6)

0.8

(0.6-1.0)

 Some college

1.0

(0.8-1.2)

1.1

(1.0-1.2)

1.3*

(1.0-1.6)

0.8

(0.6-1.0)

 Finished college

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Education level differenced

χ2 6 = 33.6*, P < .001

χ2 6 = 16.2*, P = 0.013

χ2 6 = 54.1*, P < .001

χ2 6 = 14.8*, P = 0.022

Household income

 Low

1.4*

(1.2-1.7)

1.1*

(1.0-1.2)

1.6*

(1.3-1.9)

1.4*

(1.0-1.8)

 Low-average

1.3*

(1.0-1.5)

1.0

(0.9-1.1)

1.4*

(1.1-1.7)

1.3

(1.0-1.7)

 High-average

1.1

(0.9-1.3)

1.0

(0.9-1.1)

1.1

(0.9-1.4)

1.1

(0.9-1.4)

 High

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

Household income differenced

χ2 3 = 19.4*, P < .001

χ2 3 = 10.5*, P = 0.015

χ2 3 = 23.1*, P < .001

χ2 3 = 6.9, P = 0.077

Ne

142,405

6,081,561

5758

3460

  1. *Significant at the .05 level, 2 sided test
  2. aThese estimates are based on logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender and country
  3. bThese estimates are based on survival models adjusted for age-cohorts, gender, person-years and country
  4. cThese estimates are based on logistic regression models adjusted for time since social anxiety disorder onset, age of social anxiety disorder onset, gender and country
  5. dChi square test of significant differences between blocks of sociodemographic variables
  6. eDenominator N: 142,405 = total sample; 6,081,561 = number of person-years in the survival models; 5,758 = number of lifetime cases of social anxiety disorder; 3,460 = number of 12-month social anxiety disorder cases