Resisting and tolerating P. falciparum in pregnancy under different malaria transmission intensities

Table 2 Parasitological outcomes in peripheral blood and placenta by study area

	HIV-uninfected				HIV-infected
	Benin	Gabon	Mozambique	P	Kenya	Mozambique	P
Periphery at delivery
Smear, n (%)
Negative	320 (92)	245 (96)	333 (98)	0.002^a	332 (95)	408 (98)	0.025^a
Positive	27 (8)	11 (4)	7 (2)		17 (5)	8 (2)
qPCR, n (%)
Negative	242 (69)	235 (91)	325 (96)	<0.001^a	326 (93)	405 (97)	0.007^a
Positive	107 (31)	22 (9)	15 (4)		25 (7)	12 (3)
qPCR parasites/μL, GM (SD)	280.5 (882.9)	684.2 (1703.2)	514.4 (1630.6)	0.484	141.4 (329.1)	3350.9 (9887.2)	0.003
Placenta
Smear, n (%)
Negative	322 (93)	244 (96)	332 (98)	0.018^a	335 (95)	406 (98)	0.032^a
Positive	23 (7)	9 (4)	8 (2)		16 (5)	7 (2)
Histology, n (%)
Acute	8 (2)	5 (2)	1 (0)	<0.001	6 (2)	4 (1)	<0.001
Chronic	23 (7)	2 (1)	2 (1)		5 (1)	1 (0)
Past	37 (11)	28 (11)	13 (4)		64 (18)	14 (3)
No infected	277 (80)	218 (86)	322 (95)		276 (79)	387 (95)
qPCR, n (%)
Negative	253 (72)	235 (91)	323 (95)	<0.001^a	324 (92)	407 (98)	0.001^a
Positive	96 (28)	22 (9)	17 (5)		27 (8)	10 (2)
qPCR parasites/μL, GM (SD)	668.5 (2473.1)	1284.9 (5100.0)	1876.2 (5910.5)	0.609	379.5 (1255.4)	5851.3 (19950.4)	0.033
Maternal microcopy infection,^b n (%)
Negative	294 (87)	239 (95)	329 (97)	<0.001^a	325 (93)	396 (98)	0.002^a
Positive	45 (13)	12 (5)	9 (3)		24 (7)	9 (2)
Maternal qPCR infection,^b n (%)
Negative	206 (59)	229 (89)	319 (94)	<0.001^a	319 (91)	402 (96)	<0.001^a
Positive	143 (41)	28 (11)	21 (6)		32 (9)	15 (4)

^aThe P value is significant according to multivariate analysis adjusted for type of IPTp drug, season, age, gravidity, gestational age, anaemia, literacy, RPR result and MUAC at recruitment, as well as CD4 + T cell count in the case of HIV-positive women (Wald test) (ND for placental histology)
^bMaternal infections were considered microscopic if P. falciparum parasites were observed in peripheral blood at delivery or in placental blood from the maternal side either by microscopy or histology and qPCR infections if peripheral blood at delivery or placental blood samples were positive by qPCR
GM geometric mean, SD standard deviation

ISSN: 1741-7015