Economic evaluation of type 2 diabetes prevention programmes: Markov model of low- and high-intensity lifestyle programmes and metformin in participants with different categories of intermediate hyperglycaemia

Table 3 Costs and consequences for individual participants in a prevention programme

Method of identifying participants	Intervention	Total cost (£,2015)	Total QALYs	Prevalence of T2DM after 50 years (%)	Average number of years lived with T2DM after 50 years
IGT	No intervention	17,772	11.53	42%	5.75
	Pragmatic lifestyle programme	17,774	11.59	41%	5.43
	Intensive lifestyle programme	18,423	11.76	33%	3.97
	Metformin	17,988	11.60	38%	5.03
IFG	No intervention	17,429	12.13	38%	5.34
	Pragmatic lifestyle programme	17,440	12.19	37%	5.07
	Intensive lifestyle programme	18,452	12.28	31%	3.98
	Metformin	17,908	12.20	35%	4.68
HbA1c	No intervention	17,436	12.13	38%	5.35
	Pragmatic lifestyle programme	17,446	12.19	37%	5.08
	Intensive lifestyle programme	18,507	12.27	31%	4.03
	Metformin	17,475	12.23	33%	4.18

Differences between costs and QALYs of ‘no intervention’ in the groups with IGT, IFG and HbA1c are due to: 1) higher hazard ratios of death with IGT relative to IFG/HbA1c, ii) lower baseline utilities for IGT relative to IFG/HbA1c and iii) higher baseline transition probabilities to T2DM with IGT relative to IFG/HbA1c, as outlined in Additional file 1: Appendix 1

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