Fig. 5

Vaginal dysbiosis is a risk factor for early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) following PPROM. a Cladogram and b LDA of differentially abundant species detected in vaginal swab samples collected just prior to delivery in cases who did or did not subsequently develop EONS. Lactobacillus crispatus was void from EONS samples, which were enriched with bacteria from genera Sneathia and Catonella. c Distribution of the 21 most abundant bacterial species across the two patient groups. Lactobacillus crispatus was present only in mothers whose babies did not develop EONS. d Relative abundance of differentially expressed genera: Lactobacillus (P = 0.001), Leptotrichiaceae (P = 0.0291) and Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.0114). EONS early onset neonatal sepsis, LDA latent discriminatory analysis, PPROM preterm prelabour rupture of the fetal membranes