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Table 1 Unadjusted costs and effects, by group

From: A personalized intervention to prevent depression in primary care: cost-effectiveness study nested into a clustered randomized trial

Costs

Unit cost (€2012)

Mean costs, control (95% CI)

Mean costs,intervention (95% CI)

Unadjusted diff (95%CI)a

P value

Costs associated to the intervention

 

€0

€4.79

NA

NA

 Primary care physician

€10.50 (centre visit),€27.48 (home visit)

€96.61 (90.54 to 102.68)

€91.46 (85.68 to 97.23)

€–5.16 (–13.58 to 3.27)

0.230

 Primary care nurse

€10.03 (centre visit),€25.37 (home visit)

€35.67 (28.74 to 42.59)

€26.34 (21.23 to 31.45)

€–9.32 * (–17.95 to –0.69)

0.032

 Social worker

€14.90 (centre visit),€25.37 (home visit)

€0.63 (0.41 to 0.87)

€0.46 (0.27 to 0.66)

€–0.18 (–0.51 to 15)

0.293

 Emergency visits to primary care

€63.99

€33.07 (25.27 to 40.86)

€29.05 (22.20 to 35.90)

€–4.02 (–14.44 to 6.40)

0.451

Total primary care

 

€162.75 (151.01 to 174.49)

€146.17 (135.76 to 156.58)

€–16.58 (–32.32 to –0.85)

0.039

 Outpatient mental health (MH) visit

€42.93 (psychiatrist),€70.61 (psychologist),€10.03 (MH nurse),€19.22 (group therapy)

€16.16 (9.74 to 22.57)

€16.31 (8.08 to 24.54)

€0.15 (–10.31 to 10.62)

0.997

 Antidepressant

*Different values*

€20.70 (0 to 72.8)

€22.32 (0 to 76.77)

€1.62 (–57.74 to 60.98)

0.658

 Admission to psych.hospitalb

€284.90

NA

NA

NA

NA

Total mental health

 

€45.19 (31.02 to 59.36)

€34.40 (24.07 to 44.73)

€–10.79 (–27.11 to 5.54)

0.184

 Other outpatient specialists

€51.08

€149.08 (122.96 to 175.19)

€149.46 (122.53 to 176.40)

€0.38 (–35.26 to 36.02)

0.973

 Diagnostic tests

*Different values*

€212.86 (189.47 to 236.25)

€198.24 (176.59 to 219.89)

€–14.61 (–46.31 to 17.08)

0.368

 Emergency visits to hospital

€155.50

€96.18 (73.13 to 119.24)

€92.82 (70.60 to 115.04)

€–3.37 (–34.20 to 27.47)

0.831

 Non-mental health-related admissions

*Different values*

€493 (134.79 to 852.27)

€548.04 (0 to 1136.96)

€54.51 (–141.48 to 250.50)

0.587

Total healthcare direct costs

 

€1039.11 (819.24 to 1258.98)

€1075.11 (849.70 to 1300.53)

€36.01 (–132.02 to 204.04)

0.676

 Sick leave

€21.11/day

€337.37 (122.08 to 552.68)

€335.30 (96.60 to 574.03)

€–2.08 (–126.1 to 121.94)

0.974

Total costs

 

€1353.99 (1039.31 to 1668.66)

€1394.83 (1020.07 to 1769.6)

€40.85 (–178.21 to 259.91)

0.716

Units for sensitivity analysis

 Extra intervention costsc

 

0

€31.72

NA

NA

 Private direct health costs

*Different values*

€174.13 (76.92 to 271.33)

€126.00 (82.90 to 169.10)

€–48.13 (–107.10 to 10.83)

0.099

 Absenteeism

€21.11/day

€87.34 (57.27 to 117.42)

€89.70 (63.38 to 116.01)

€2.35 (–30.66 to 35.37)

0.888

 Presenteeism

€21.11/day

€80.41 (36.78 to 124.04)

€63.39 (34.42 to 92.34)

€–17.02 (–52.93 to 18.81)

0.322

Effects

Unit of the effect

Effect gained control (95% CI)

Effect gained intervention (95%CI)

Unadjusted diff (95%CI)a

P value

QALYs

Mean

1.22 (1.20 to 1.24)

1.25 (1.23 to 1.26)

0.03 (–0.02 to 0.07)

0.240

QALYs-VAS

Mean

1.05 (1.04 to 1.07)

1.08 (1.07 to 1.10)

0.03 (0.006 to 0.05)*

0.014

  1. aThe means of the costs by group and the unadjusted difference have been calculated using univariatemaximum likelihood (ML)generalized linear model (GLM) family gamma and link log (cost as dependent variable and group as the only independent variable) and the command margins in 20 imputed databases. As it is not a linear model, the sum of the individual components of the costs  may be slightly different to the total cost presented
  2. bThere are only 8 participants who were admitted in an inpatient psychiatric unit, 7 in the control group and 1 in the intervention group. The length of stay has a mean of 10 days
  3. cExtra costs related to the intervention if hiring of the venue and additional hours of the physician were included
  4. CI confidence interval,NA not applicable,QALY quality-adjusted life year, VAS visual analogue scale